Critical inquiry in Practical Nursing Essay

Question 1- According to Kerr et al (2012), the purpose of the study is to examine the nurses’ opinions on the introduction of a medical administrative to the enrolled nurses and its impact in the error rate of medication. Question 2- The author’s rationale was to: -To examine nurses’ opinions on enrolled medical administration -To analyze whether the enrolled nurses introduction effects of the medication error in organizations. Question 3- Quantitative, experimental.Question 4-The sample used was the different types of nurses who answered questions online at the website of the organization. The selected lot answers specific questions in a questionnaire related to the topic of discussion. Question 5-a)Descriptive b)InferentialQuestion 6-Education Question 7-Demographic data – Response to nurses’ survey items – Rates of medication errors- Collected within twelve months Question 8-Â  Survey question regarding support for administration of medications by qualified ENs RN SupportiveIn %RN Non-SupportiveIn %Statistically Significant? 73.8%,26.2%Yes / No Survey question measuring positive change EN SupportiveIn nEN non-supportiveIn nStatistically Significant? 73.626.4Yes / No Survey question regarding the level of education for ENs who administer medications ENME SupportiveIn %ENME Non-SupportiveIn %Statistically Significant? 73.726.3%Yes / No Question 9- Population 118, 268-256, 302 Question 10- It is true to say that A significant result (p=0.265, p

South Africa Brewers Ltd.

By now it has become the second largest brewer by volume in the world. South Africa Breweries (SAB) has been in business for a century. The change in the political system in 1990 in South Africa, through the dissolution of apartheid, paved endless opportunities. In 1994, SAB was invited to participate in joint ventures with Tanzania, Zambia, Mozambique, Angloa to revitalize brewing industry – brewing 49 out of every 50 beers consumed in South Africa. They practically killed competition. (McQuade 2004) In 1993, SAB expanded to Hungary and bought Dreher which opened the doors to Europe because it subsequently established operations in Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Russia, Czech Republic. In the 90’s SAB likewise entered into operations in China. In 1999, it got itself listed back in the London Stock Exchange to raise capital for expansion. SAB expanded to Central America in 2001 – thus, that year saw SAB as the 5th largest brewer in the world and the fastest growing from 1996 to 2000 with brewing operations in 21 countries and an output of 77m hectoliters of beer. McQuade 2004) 1998 strategy was to maximize its 100 years of brewing experience in South Africa and develop beer markets in emerging economies by investing significantly in its core business. So, it commenced brewing operations in 5 African counties, 3 Chinese provinces, 4 Eastern European countries since 1995. Therefore, SAB continued to develop South Africa; invest for growth in the international business; pur sue incremental growth. Therefore since its global expansion in 1994 the trend in sales and profits grew steadily upward. SAB categorically indicted in 2002 that emerging markets is its forte. Finally in July 2002, SAB successfully acquired Miller Breweing Co. the 2nd biggest brewer in U. S. A. by paying Philip Morris US$3. 6 billion in stock of the merged company and SAB assumed the US$2 billion debt of Miller. (McQuade 2004) This merger was decried by some analysts because the rationalization of strong growth business is not true but it is just that SAB wants Miller as a mature cash cow. And the merger in totality is losing market share. True enough – the share dropped to 18. % in 2003 in London trading. So, aggressive reforms were adopted – considering they unknowingly awakened to the truth that Miller is such a badly managed company the dragged SAB with it. (McQuade 2004) 2004 Strategic Posiiton: By end 2003, the rest of the African markets gave 3. 2% growth. In China, the organic growth was 5. 7%. In India, the first full 2003 operation returned a breakeven. The home base market South Africa saw mixed fortunes as consumer spending became erratic. The seesaw of growth and downturn average 4% per annum. The North American US market went down 3. 7% from acquisition with its core brands losing market share. In Europe, exceptional profit growth showed 39%. Restructuring of the Central American business had to be undertaken due to depressed performance. SAB opted to continue the conversion of the company into a marketing focused enterprise with a strong portfolio of relevant brands in the region. (McQuade 2004) Therefore, SAB Miller opted that from 2004, they will adopt the following strategies to grow shareholder value thru: 1) driving volume and productivity ) optimizing and expanding existing positions through acquisitions 3) seeking value added opportunities to enhance position as a global brewer 4) growing brands in the international premium beer segment (McQuade 2004) Long Term Effect: From the result of 11% share growth for the financial year ending March 2003, there is still a big room to maneuver operational efficiency; strengthen regional brands and market positions; pursue ac quisitive growth; pursue real value for shareholders. Brand management will a crucial focus through an the intensified role of a Group Marketing Director. SAB believes that there are real opportunities to increase sales in growing international premium brands. (McQuade 2004) SAB is confident of its strong national and regional brands principally based on the mainstream segments of the market. The challenge further requires invigorating the said brands to sustainable health and position. With a all its brands stable and well positioned, SAB envision to sustain their continued growth befitting their prime position and prestige in the world’s brewing industry. (McQuade 2004) Recommendation: It is indeed a crystal clear given that South Africa Breweries Ltd and its century old experience and its established brands and prestige stands solid – in its base operations, South Africa and the African Continent. Its global venture in the decade of the 90’s still favored them with the opportunities. They savored the rewards from those first steps. It still saw a sustainable trend until it acquired Miller U. S. A. There are some hidden waves in its other global, emerging ventures in the sense that they only saw sustained growth in Europe and the African markets. China, India, Central America and U. S. A North America gave them the initial years of 2003, 2004 as dicey. True enough, it reckoned revitalizing brand management to be their stronghold focus. However, SAB and SAB Miller never mentioned anything in detail about inherent people management and operational management insights that will need a thorough study. What the case study reflected is that SAB brings in their technical and operational expertise into an acquired emerging market facility. They presumably likewise brought in â€Å"South African professionals† to handle management of an entirely foreign operation in an entirely foreign land. The first and foremost consideration in global business is the profound cultural analysis of â€Å"where one is stepping its foot in†. The story goes that St. Agustine consulted St. Ambrose during his visit in Milan in 387 AD as to whether he should fast on a Saturday or a Sunday – the famous saying was born: â€Å"when in Rome, do as the Romans do†. And knowing â€Å"how to do things the Roman way† will require thorough information and analysis and initial trial and error practice. Adopting and adapting to the local temperament and conditions is not just a matter of the ABC or 123 of their laws but more so of their norms and values. Managing share values of a company and brand strategy is beyond the arithmetic of the exercise. It is also appreciating that the workforce that will contribute to such share values and premium brand strategy require a most personalized and inherent approach.

Psycosocial Assessment of the Soloist

Running Head: Strengths Based Assessment 1 Strengths Based Assessment: The Soloist By Colleen Austin SOWK 587a University of Southern California Professor Brittani Morris Strengths Based Assessment2 Character Identification Describe the character you choose as your focus. Include race, ethnicity, age, religion, sex, marital status, living situation, educational level, internal strengths (coping mechanisms, skills, experience, ability to connect to others, resilience, determination, flexibility, commitment, loyalty, etc. ). Mr. Nathanial Anthony Ayers is a middle aged, black African-American man.He is spiritual but identifies with no specific religion, he does pray in the movie, saying the Our Father. He is unmarried, and is homeless. He displays signs of mental illness, most likely schizophrenic as evidenced by his paranoia and he hears voices. He began to hear voices in adolescence. At one point he thought his sister was trying to poison him, so he forced her to eat the food she bro ught to him. He lived in the basement of the home he grew up in. It wasn’t obvious, but he must have remained living with his sister after his mother died.When he went to Juilliard, he got an apartment and the voices became more prominent. There is no evidence that he was ever diagnosed with a mental illness. He has a difficult time maintain relationships with others because he is mentally ill and continually talks to himself. Nathanial has a high school education. He was also accepted and completed some classical music training from Juilliard, according to a teacher there, he just stopped showing up. What happened in his life from that point until the present is unknown. Although he is homeless, one of his possessions is a violin, which only has two strings.In doing this, Nathanial shows determination, because even though he doesn’t have a complete instrument he stills continues to play it. Strengths Based AssessmentPage 3 Nathanial shows loyalty to his music. He is a lways playing his violin and in fact talks about his loyalty to his music when he states that â€Å"he is holding on to his faith in the power of his music. † (The Soloist, 2009) Nathanial shows a lot of inner strengths. He has determination, which is evident by the fact that he continues to play the violin, although it only has two strings.He is resilient, evidenced by the fact that he has been homeless for many years, schizophrenic and yet he is surviving on the streets of L. A. Nathanial shows no flexibility. When Lopez brings him to the apartment, he says that he will play the violin there, but he will not stay there. It was not his apartment he said. II. Significant Relationships Describe 2-3 significant relationships this character has to other characters in the film, both in terms of role and in terms of the resources and/or challenges that this character offers to your focus character.Nathanial’s most significant relationship is with Steve Lopez, a reporter for the Los Angeles Times newspaper. Lopez is fascinated by Nathanial when he discovers that he is a classically trained musician, who is homeless and writes a column with Nathanial as his subject. It isn’t clear at first what Lopez’s motives are, other than to write a column that is entertaining and widely read by Los Angeles. Initially, it is obvious Lopez is using Nathanial as his focus. Lopez is divorced although he continues to have a relationship with his ex-wife who is also Strengths Based AssessmentPage 4 is boss at the Times. In fact his ex-wife tells him that there is possibly a book that could be written about Nathanial and essentially accuses him at one point in the movie of exploiting Nathanial. This relationship shifts over time. He is single and finds himself thinking about Nathanial’s â€Å"plight. † He becomes emotionally invested in Nathanial, in that he feels that he can help this homeless, mentally ill man toward a better life. What he do esn’t understand is that Nathanial is comfortable in his life. He has become accustomed to his homeless life.Lopez, although his latent motives appear to be altruistic, actually causes Nathanial a great deal of stress. He tries to convince the manager of the Lamp Community that he should force Nathanial to see a psychiatrist and be put on medication. David, the manager of the Lamp Community could be another of Nathanial’s significant relationships. He allowed Lopez to leave the cello that was donated by a reader at the facility, because that was the only place that Lopez would allow him to play it. He didn’t want him to have it on the street.David was instrumental in helping Lopez to finally learn what the best thing was that he could do for Nathanial. Lopez needed to be his friend, David told him. That was really what Nathanial needed. Someone he could trust. David was, in this sense, an advocate for Nathanial. He made Lopez understand that Nathanial didnâ€⠄¢t want to see a psychiatrist and even if he did, there were no guarantees that he would even take his medication. It is possible that Nathanial knew that on medication he would not be the same musician. Strengths Bases AssessmentPage 5Graham Clayton, the music teacher, was another character whose relationship to Nathanial was significant. He was teaching Nathanial to play music other than Beethoven, Nathanial’s favorite. In fact, there was a statue of Beethoven in a square and that was where Steve Lopez looked to find Nathanial. Not only did Clayton offer music lessons, but he also offered him spiritual guidance. He set up a recital for Nathanial, however when Nathanial showed up to play, he began to hear voices and when Clayton put his hand on his shoulder, Nathanial reacted with such fear that he nearly assaulted Clayton.Nathanial ran, which was one of his best coping mechanisms, that and playing music III. Community Analysis Describe the two most significant groups/commu nities that your focus character belongs to and/or aspires to belong to in the film. There is one significant community to which Nathanial belongs. And one community that it appears he would like to belong. The first community is the Lamp Community, a shelter for the homeless and often these homeless people are mentally ill. The other community is the music community. Nathanial wanted to be a classic cellist when he was younger.He was excited when Lopez brought him the cello and wanted to keep it with his grocery cart full of belongings. The Lamp Community offered Nathanial food, shelter and clothing. However, he spent most of his time sleeping on the streets, going to the facility only when he needed something. They did offer group sessions for the homeless, but it wasn’t clear what the topics of the group discussions were. The music community would have offered Nathanial the opportunity to advance his career as a musician, however because of the schizophrenia; the audience was a Strengths Bases AssessmentPage 6 barrier to Nathanial’s playing his cello.Lopez found an accomplished music teacher who was willing to teach Nathanial to bring him back to the level he was at when he was at Juilliard, and even brought him new music to play. Playing music and being part of the music community was something that Nathanial desired, however, his illness prevented him from becoming fully invested in pursuing it. I think the Lamp Community was a valuable community resource for Nathanial. It was a safe place for him to go, and in fact the night after the disastrous recital, Lopez found him there having a meal and David told him that he had spent the night in his apartment.When asked why he spent the night there, Nathanial alluded to the fact that he wasn’t a young man anymore and that his body couldn’t take the streets. I think that if Nathanial wanted to see a doctor and take medication, he could have gotten those resources from the Lamp Communi ty. The music community could have provided a less intimidating arena for a recital. Although it seemed to be a very relaxed outdoor atmosphere, putting Nathanial up on stage was asking for disaster. Perhaps the music community could showcase musicians like Nathanial in a much less intrusive setting.Analysis of the Symbiotic Relationship. (This wasn’t required but I wanted to add it. ) I think the relationship between Steve Lopez and Nathanial Ayers worked both ways. The scene where Lopez falls off his bike, goes to the hospital where everything is chaotic, then goes into an MRI and is claustrophobic has so many similarities to Ayers’ life it may have been purely coincidental. I think that was an experience that Lopez had to draw upon while he was trying to â€Å"help† Nathanial. Just like Steve Didn’t want the help at the hospital, neither did Nathanial want Strengths Bases AssessmentPage 7Steve’s help. The mere act of trying to get Nathanial out of his comfort zone was enough to trigger a schizophrenic episode. At the end of the movie, Steve realized that the best thing that he could offer Nathanial was his friendship. Nathanial trusted Steve by the end of the movie. When they first met, Nathanial wouldn’t shake Steve’s hand, but at the end of the movie when Steve offered him his hand, Nathanial took it. Strengths Based AssessmentPage 8 Resources Foster. G. , and Krasnoff, R. (Producer), & Wright, J. (Director). (2009). The Soloist  [Motion picture]. United States: Dreamworks Pictures.

The effect of salt temperature on ice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The effect of salt temperature on ice - Essay Example These bonds hold the molecules together forming the solid ice (Churchill et al). The salt ions dissolved alter the existing hydrogen bonding in the solid ice and this has an effect on the normal freezing point of the ice causing the temperatures to drop. In this experiment we are going to determine the effect of salt on the temperature of ice. In the first bowl, when the salt is added on the ice, at first nothing happens but after sometime, the temperature of the ice drops before the ice starts melting. The ice the melts gradually and the temperature increases. In the second bowl, the ice starts melting at 0oC a.nd melts gradually as temperatures increases. When salt is added to ice, it is able to lower the freezing point of any water molecules that are on the surface of the ice and this prevents it from freezing again hence helping to melt the ice surrounding the solid ice. Water that is pure in nature has its freezing point fixed at 0oC while salt is able to melt down ice to a temperature of about

Effective Management of Culturally Diverse Workgroups ' Essay

Effective Management of Culturally Diverse Workgroups ' - Essay Example An ideal organization has all sorts of employees including low socio-economic individuals, high socio-economic individuals and individuals of diverse cultures. Cultural diversity poses negative and positive impacts to an organization. Consequently, it is necessary to highlight the challenges, main issues and the context of working with low socio-economic culturally diverse teams. Every person tries to rise above poverty and financial challenges. Employees categorized under low socio-economic populations have a distinct approach to responsibilities known as collectivism. It is a term that describes a team that has several characteristics such as disregard of self-interest, high cooperation levels, economic and social equality. The factors usually overshadow economic and social freedom (Cross, Bazron, & Isaacs, 2010). Collectivism is a cultural system existing across all human cultures but at varying degrees. It is most pronounced in low socio-economic settings. Employees exposed to a high degree of collectivism tend to come from developing countries that are yet to break away from traditional work processes. Individualism is the opposite of collectivism. It is associated with developed countries that have maximized on capitalism as a way of forging better business and social interactions. Individualists put more emphasis on personal interests and skills when performing duty. The atmosphere at the workplace is very competitive making individual employees take up personal roles and perform their best in order to gain recognition. The employees benefit from incentives, job promotions and other similar rewards. Collectivism works in a different way. There is very little competitive atmosphere at the workplace and some employees take advantage of the collective responsibilities to evade or not complete tasks (Cross, Bazron, & Isaacs, 2010). An organization that promotes competition, offers incentives and rewards

E-Commerce Website Development Using Component Technologies Essay

E-Commerce Website Development Using Component Technologies - Essay Example A major difference between the server side and client side is that when you are performing client side operations, you must always contact the server in some cases. For instance, when shifting codes based on an individual’s requirements, the code can be placed on the client side using Sencha or ExtJs and then a simple API coding on the server. On the server side, it is possible to stay completely inside without the need to access the client side if a user picks PHP UI framework. On the client side, the client code is visible to all users that are using the application, for instance, a web browser, but on the server side, the code is not visible to anyone viewing a webpage.The client side of computer programming interacts with temporary storage such as cookies and local storage while the server side of computer programming interacts with permanent storage such as SQL and files. The programming languages that these two sides use also differ; while client side uses programming language such as JavaScript, HTML, CSS or any language that runs in a client’s device and interacts with a remote service, server side uses programming languages such as PHP, ASP.Net in C++ or Visual Basic or any other language that is used in programming. Benefits of server side components One of the advantages of server side components is that they reduce the load on the user’s computer since it does not require any special or additional plug ins or browser scripting technology such as JavaScript. Secondly, with server side components website owners can create their own applications or use content management systems to maintain their websites without necessarily having to edit their code. Another advantage of server side components such as programming language is the ability for websites to provide dynamic content, which is contrary to the period before the server side languages when WebPages wee static. Server side languages provide an individual with security because in order to access a site one has to login using an ID and a password therefore a secure access to the site. This is done when the site sends a webpage known as a form where the user types his ID and password then submits them to the site. After verification that the user is an authenticated member, the server allows him secure access to the site. Application of component technologies in development of E-commerce website The electronic component commerce model comprises of both internet based transactions but also EDI based business to business activities that were used before commercialization of the internet. For development of technologies of e-commerce, there are three Meta levels that need to be c onsidered; infrastructure, services, and products and structures. Four pillars that include network, multimedia content, messaging and ordinary business services support infrastructure; these four pillars are contained in a complex web of technical, business and legal issues. The three meta-levels in e-commerce and their boundaries are determined by the business organisations, clients, service providers and other stakeholders that are involved in the transactions according to their specific and individual needs. Components that are contained in the e-commerce component models can be changed overtime, for instance, the WebPages that are used to display various business contents in the internet are bound to get outdated

Lyme Disease Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Lyme Disease - Research Paper Example The disease was characterized by outbreaks in the early fall and during the summer which showed that the vector was an arthropod (Todar, n.d). Initially children were diagnosed with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis; however, the increasing prevalence of the illness resulted in a detailed scientific research concerning the etiology of the disease. Studies of the pathogenesis and signs of the disease led to the discovery of its connection with Borrelia burgdorferi (Todar, n.d).This led to the distinction of the disease from rheumatoid arthritis as rheumatoid fever has an auto immune etiology (Edwards, Cambridge and Abrahams, 1999). The similarity of the symptoms of both diseases led to the incorrect diagnosis. Lyme disease has the highest prevalence among tick borne diseases in the Northern Hemisphere (Fell, 2000). Etiology The etiological agent was discovered by Willy Brgdorfer in 1982 (Todar, n.d). It was isolated from the gut of the black legged tick and was identified to be a spiroche te from the genus Borrelia (Todar, n.d). The spirochetes were found to react with serum which had been extracted from patients suffering from Lyme disease. The etiologic agent was named after Willy Burgdorfer and is known as Borrelia burgdorferi. Other species which cause Lyme disease include B. garinii and B. afzelii. Recent studies have also suggested that Borrelia miyamotoi is a causative agent as it has been found to occur in areas where Lyme disease is an endemic (Krause, Wormser and Narasimhan et al., 2013). Lyme disease is transmitted by an agent known as Inxodes scapularies. The bacteria live within the gut of these ticks which feed on human and animal blood. These ticks feed on blood for a long period of time and the bites are usually undetected due to the size of the ticks (Lo Re, occi and Mc Gregor, 2004). Risk Factors Some of the risk factors associated with Lyme disease are the activities in which one participates (Mayo Staff clinic, 2005). Individuals who spend a major ity of their time outdoors are prone to Lyme disease. The area which an individual lives in is also a risk factor for Lyme disease. Such areas include the Midwest and Northeast region (Diuk-Wasser, 2012). Ticks are mostly active during the warm seasons between May and November; hence this time period poses a risk of contracting the disease (Lyme disease Update Review, n.d). Events such as camping, hiking and gardening are also risk factors. The risk of contracting Lyme disease is high in individuals exposed to ticks. The highest cases have been reported among individuals between 5-15 years and 45-54 years old (University of Maryland Medical Center, n.d). Lyme disease is only transmitted in approximately 3% of all tick bites and the length of the bite increases the risk of transmission. Mechanism of the disease. Borrelia burgdorferi undergoes an infectious cycle from nymph moulds to adults. The female lays eggs which feed on the first host and are then dropped to the ground and trans form to nymph. The nymphs then attach and feed on the second host (Wasiluk, 2011). The chronic form of the disease affects numerous organs of the body, in particular, the joints, skin, brain and heart. The disease is classified into three stages, the first stage being of limited infection, which is followed disseminated infection and the last stage is late borreliosis (Wasiluk, 2011).

Young Goodman Brown Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Young Goodman Brown - Essay Example He decides to go on this journey in the middle of the night through a forest. His wife urges him not to go alone because she knew that something suspicious was going on but he wanted to discover the truth even though he feared his own actions. It was clear that he was having second thoughts about his journey as he says, â€Å"†¦. Methought as she spoke there was trouble in her face, as if a dream had warned her what work is to be done tonight. But no, no; 't would kill her to think it† (Young Goodman Brown, Web). His willingness to go on this journey shows his desire of finding out answers about his life as well as Puritan beliefs. After meeting his fellow traveler who asked him about being late, Goodman replies by saying, â€Å"Faith kept me back a while," (Young Goodman Brown, Web). By faith, Goodman either meant his wife or even his belief and faith in God which required him not to go on this journey. In the story of Young Goodman Brown, the character of Goodman Brown is driven by his own desire of discovering the truth about his fellow members of the Puritan community. The setting of this story is such that Goodman starts imagining fear and evil everywhere along his route in the forest. He says, â€Å"There may be a devilish Indian behind every tree†¦

Financial Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Financial Management - Essay Example With this rule, both projects qualify as good projects, although the pulley project has a higher value. The rule for the internal rate of return states that a given project should only be accepted if the project’s IRR is greater than or equal to the firm’s cost of capital. The firm’s cost of capital is 14%, in which case the truck project yields an IRR of 15%, it is to be accepted; the pulley project’s IRR is also higher than the firm’s cost of capital at 20%. The flaw with using IRR is that the rate of growth of cash flows is assumed to be the IRR’s. By using the modified IRR or MIRR, the rate of growth of cash flows or the so-called reinvestment rate is the cost of capital, or cost of funding the investment instead of the IRR. The rule for accepting a project based on MIRR is same as the IRR, that is, if MIRR is greater than or equal to the firm’s cost of capital, it should be accepted. Otherwise, it should be rejected as it will not contribute additional value to the firm. By using 14% as the finance rate and reinvestment rate, we get MIRR for the truck project as 14.5%--higher than the cost of capital, therefore it is to be accepted. With the pulley project, the MIRR is 17%, also higher than the cost of capital so the project should also be accepted. Davis Industries must choose between a gas-powered and an electric-powered forklift truck for moving materials in its factory. Since both forklifts perform the same function, the firm will choose only one. (They are mutually exclusive investments.) The electric-powered truck will cost more, but it will be less expensive to operate; it will cost $22,000, whereas the gas powered truck will cost $17,500. The cost of capital that applies to both investments is 12%. The life for both types of truck is estimated to be 6 years, during which time the net cash flows for the electric-powered truck will be $6,290 per

Comparison of Heroes in Flood Stories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Comparison of Heroes in Flood Stories - Essay Example He was also mentioned in stories depicting episodes of his drunkenness and the ensuing "Curse of Ham." (Wenham, 2000) Noah's story was greatly influential in the West and was the focus of much elaboration in the following Abraham-ic traditions. In Islam, Noah (Nuh) is believed to be a prophet of Allah (God) (Khan, Anand, & Anand, 2001) and Christians likened the Christian Church to the Ark of Noah (Wenham, 2000). Noah in the book of Genesis lives for a total of 950 years, with the great flood happening in his 600th year. In Quran, Nuh (Noah) is already 950 when the great flood happened and was told to have spent his lifetime preaching the belief that there is only of God (singleness of Allah) (Wenham, 2000). In later stories, only 83 people are willing to become Muslims (submit themselves to Allah) and only these 83 people were saved with Nuh. Mankind's stubbornness ultimately brings God's wrath on the non-believers (Wenham, 2000). In Quran, the theme of the flood story is the need to seek peace with and the unity of Allah. The element of the account focuses totally on the great flood, and does not include the accounts of episodes of Nuh's drunkenness. The "Curse of Ham" story's likelihood is in fact totally disqualified: Quran's Nuh has two sons, not like the Christian Bible's three, and that son does not follow his father despite Nuh's ultimate plea for salvation, "O my son! Come ride with us, and be not with the disbelieve

Heron 6 intervention categories and one to one and small group Essay

Heron 6 intervention categories and one to one and small group teaching - Essay Example The modes are the hierarchical, co-operative, and autonomous (Scaling Heights 2005). Each of the six interventions is a dimension within a delivery mode, and while the modes change impacting the role of the teacher/therapist and student/patient, the interventions remain constant dimensions within the modes (Scaling Heights 2005). Documentation is essential to the data gathering aspect of the process, and it will support the progress, or lack thereof, and guide the teacher or therapist in the planning elements and decide which intervention is applicable at the given point in time (Scaling Heights 2005). There is a suggested format for charting the outcomes which can be easily accessed on the ScalingHeights.com web site that is simple in nature, yet yields a wealth of pertinent information that help in the application of the interventions (Scaling Heights 2005). Heron’s goal, his South Pacific Center for Human Inquiry reports, is to equip the professional with the information and tools which facilitate the client gaining a â€Å"plan for rational living (1998).† The six intervention process is the culmination of Heron’s own work, which has been widely studied and used in the healthcare industry (OES 1999 Scaling Heights 2005 Scottish Executive 2005). The process is one of facilitator/therapist directing, relinquishing, delegating and sharing control in the patient/student or therapeutic or academic setting (Scaling Heights 2005). The formula was the basis for a handbook developed by the Differentiated Mentoring Project for use in schools (2004). In the process, the intervention of â€Å"prescriptive† translates to planning, which depending upon the mode being utilized, rests with the therapist, or is shared by the group Scaling Heights 2005). Early on in the therapeutic relationship, when the therapist makes the decision to implement Heron’s course, the therapist will have to be firm in

East Asian literature Essay Example for Free

East Asian literature Essay Based on Yasutaka Tsutsui’s â€Å"The Standing Woman†, the power of the collective over that of the individual is positive. This can be surmised based on three points of argumentation which are the main character’s thoughts at the beginning of the story, the old man’s revelation in his conversation with the main character, and the main character’s discussion with his wife. At the beginning of the story, we find the main character who is a writer thinking about the story that he finished. He mentions that the story is â€Å"capable of neither harm nor good†. Since he had spoken this to himself then it must be true. Later on it would be revealed in the story that his wife who he loves so much has been turned to a manpillar by the government. Yet instead of being angry and seeking vengeance, the man even at the start of the story already seems defeated by the very society that persecuted his wife. At the middle of the story, the writer converses with an old man who reveals that he had also been a writer but is now too afraid of persecution to write anything at all. The conversation shows that society has also broken the old man without even needing to arrest him and turn him into a mantree. The old man’s fear of getting exposed to the public and being ridiculed had already overpowered him and these fears came from society because it is the collective society that has the greatest power to ridicule. The last proof comes from the writer’s discussion with his wife. His wife who had once been so proud and strong has been reduced to a yielding subject to society’s whims to a point of not even protesting injustices done to her by drunks. In conclusion, the power of a collective society truly does overwhelm the resolve of any particular member.

The Types Of Anxiety Disorders

The Types Of Anxiety Disorders Anxiety is a general term for several disorders that cause nervousness, apprehension and worrying. These disorders affect how we feel and behave, and they can manifest physical symptoms. Mild anxiety is vague and unsettling, while severe anxiety can be extremely debilitating, which will cause a serious impact on daily life. (medicalnewstoday.com, 2010) It is different as fear, as we only feel fear when the stimulus is present, and it fades off if we avoid the stimulus. (James W. Kalat, 1992). On the other hand, anxiety is the result of how people perceive threats, which appears to be uncontrollable and unavoidable. In fact, anxiety may not always be a bad thing as they help us stay alert and focused; it spurs us to action and motivates us to solve problems. People often experience worry or fear when they confront something challenging such as examinations and interview, these mild anxiety are justified and considered as normal. It only becomes a disorder when it interferes with our ability to function and cope with everyday life (James W. Kalat, 1992). Anxiety disorder, are thus the results from excessive anxiety and worries, in which occurred in a prolonged period of time to be classified as a type of disorder. Research shows that almost 25 percent of the adult population experienced symptoms characteristic of the various anxiety disorders (Kessler etal., 1994). Because anxiety disorders are a group of related conditions rather than just a single disorder, they vary from person to person. Different individuals may experience different type of attacks and symptoms. Despite of the different forms in anxiety disorder, all anxiety disorders share one major symptom: persistent or severe worry or fear in situations in which most people would not feel threatened (Melinda Smith, 2008). This shows that to be categorized in the different types of anxiety disorder, it depends on which type of anxiety is experienced, the degree of anxiety experienced, and also the situation which stimulated the anxiety. There are several disorders which are categorized under anxiety disorder, the five major categorize are namely Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Panic disorder, phobias, Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and the Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders (Zimbardo Gerrig, 1996) Types of Anxiety Disorders Generalized Anxiety Disorder This disorder is diagnosed when a person have the anxious and worry feeling in a prolonged period of time, at least six months, when he or she is not threatened by any specific danger. It usually focused on specific life circumstances (Zimbardo Gerrig, 1996). Several examples for life circumstances are such as keeping their job, simple household matters, well-being of loved ones etc. They do not have realistic reason to have such intense anxiety and it may persist and interfere their normal functioning in daily life for a prolonged period of time. Physical symptoms of Generalized Anxiety Disorder may include sweating, flushing, pounding heart, diarrhea, clammy hands, headaches, muscle tension and muscle aches. Whereas the psychological symptoms are frequently includes persistent nervousness, fatigue, restlessness, irritability and insomnia (Rod Plotnik, 1993). This disorder leads to impaired functioning because the person is unable to control his excessive anxiety; hence the individual cannot attend sufficiently to his or her daily life obligations. It is further compounded by the physical symptoms associated with the disorder. For instance, when the individual has this disorder, he perhaps will have persistent insomnia, which leads to deprivation of sleep. This will then affect his function ability the next day as he is too tired or fatigue. Generalized Anxiety Disorder is commonly treated with psychotherapy or with medications. Many studies show that therapy is the most effective treatment for most people as it is side-effect free. One of the psychotherapy which is commonly used to treat Generalized Anxiety Disorder is the Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT). It analyses the distortions in the way the patient perceive the world and themselves (Robert Segal, 2008). As from the medication aspect, drugs which are frequently prescribed are tranquilizers, such as Valium and Librium (Slazman, 1991). In moderate dozes, it is usually not physically addicting. However, when it is consumed in higher doses, the person may suffer withdrawal symptoms when the drugs were stopped. Based on studies, people who had been treated by these two ways were 68% recovered or less impaired than untreated controls (Noyes et al., 1980) Hence both drugs and psychotherapy are often used together to treat patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Panic Disorder Research shows that panic disorder is an emotional disturbance which is found in about 1-2% of all American Adults, women more than men and is rare among children (McNally, 1990; Myers et al., 1984; Robins et al., 1984). According to the DSM-III-R, panic disorders are different from generalized anxiety disorder and the various types of phobias. Patients of panic disorders usually experience unexpected and severe panic attacks that may last for only a few minutes to a few hours. Studies shows that people with this disorder have a fairly constant state of moderate anxiety and an over responsive sympathetic nervous system. When faced a mild stressor, patients may respond with a sudden increase in heart rate and blood adrenaline (Liebowitz et al., 1985; Nutt, 1989). As it attacks suddenly, it can occur anytime, even when the individual are asleep. Although research could not find the specific cause of panic disorder, it is said to be due to an inherited neurochemical abnormality that results the sudden surges of physiological arousal and fear or it may be due to psychological factors such as conditioning and irrational beliefs (McNally 1990). It is also believed that panic disorder is trigger by stress, fear, or even physical activities. When people discover that by doing this physical activity will cause a panic attack, they tend to avoid the activity completely, causing them to be more sensitive towards the effect of that particular physical activity. Hence, for example, they tend to suffer from panic attacks due to the slightest exertion that will cause their heart rate to increase, in which they will start to perceive as a panic attack because of their persistent worry of having this attack again. Therefore, professionals usually suggest the patient to have regular exercise as a treatment for panic disorder (Ledwidge, 1980) Base on prior studies, panic disorders are usually treated with a combination of benzodiazepines or antidepressants and psychotherapy. With this combination, it can be usually treated successfully in a period of 3 to 8 months (Ballenger 1991). Phobias According to Zimbardo Gerrig in their book Psychology and Life, they stated that a person suffers from phobia when he suffers from a persistent and irrational fear of a specific object, activity or situation that is excessive and unreasonable given the reality of the threat. This means that that person may show intense fear of something, in which normal people may not have such intense fear of it. This shows that phobias have a distinct different from the meaning of fear. Fear, on the other hand, is a rational reaction to an objectively identified external danger that will cause the person to escape or attack in self-defense. What it means by objectively identified external danger are such as sudden natural disaster or there is fire at one ¿Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s home. These stimuli are perceived as dangerous and it is rational to have fear against it. Phobias causes significant distress and it interferes with the adjustment in life of that that individual (Zimbardo Gerrig, 1996). James W. Kalat even define phobia as a fear so extreme that it interferes with normal living. For example, normal people may have fear against some insect such as bees or even spiders. But these fears did not interfere with their function of living and it did not stop them from achieving their goal. It is only diagnosed as phobia if this fear interferes with the normal functionality of their life. The DSM-IV divides phobia into two categories, namely social phobias and specific phobias. Rod Plotnik define social phobia as phobias which are brought on by the presence of other people. This further means that that person feels uneasy in a public location because they are fear of the presence of others around them. People suffering from social phobia may have stage fright and always fear that they will act something embarrassing in public. Surveys show that approximately 13.3 percent of U.S. adults have experienced social phobia (Kessler et al., 1994). On the other hand, specific phobias occur when a patient produces response towards several different types of objects or situations (Zimbardo Gerrig, 1996). Some people may have intense fear of height, while some towards snake which may due to prior conditioning. Different people with specific phobias may have different thing or stimulus which they are afraid of. Phobias can last a lifetime as people tend to avoid the stimulus which they are afraid of. Hence it is very difficult for a phobia to extinguish itself. Hence the therapies which are usually used to cure phobias are systematic desensitization and flooding. Systematic desensitization is known as the most common and successful therapy to treat phobias. It is a method of reducing fear by gradually exposing the patient to the object which they fear (Wolpe, 1961). For instance, if a person is afraid of snakes, they are asked to slowly approach a snake through stages. For the first stage they may just need to imagine about an image of a snake, as the person is ready, they are then exposed to the real stimulus. However, the patient can stop the process whenever they feel distress about it. This shows that the process resembles Skinners shaping procedure. Flooding, also known as implosion is a treatment in which differ from systematic desensitization. Base on Hogan and Kirchner, this treatment is conducted by exposing the object of the phobia suddenly, rather than gradually. This approach is basically treating phobia by believing that the human sympathetic nervous system is unable to maintain an extreme arousal for a very long period of time, in which the body will start to adapt and the fear will start to subside. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders According to Jeanne Segal, Obsessive-compulsive disorder is characterized by uncontrollable, unwanted thoughts and repetitive, ritualized behaviors in which the individual feel compelled to perform. As the name implies, this disorder consists of obsessions and compulsions. Obsessions are involuntary, uncontrollable thoughts, images or impulses that tend to occur over and over again in the mind unconsciously. For example, the person may repetitively think that they may not lock the door yet, although they already did. These thinking are usually disturbing and may cause stress to the person. On the other hand, compulsions are repetitive behaviors or rituals in which the person is driven to carry out again and again (Melinda Smith, 2008). This means that the action is taken again and again to reduce the discomfort of the previously repeating obsessions. For instance, the patient may repetitively checking whether he had turn off the oven even though he had checked it again and again for the past few hours. This may then interfere with the normal routine of the individual ¿Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s daily life especially their social and occupational functioning. According to Rapoport, obsessive-compulsive disorder can be treated by exposing the person to the very situation or object in which the individual is attempting to avoid. He further suggests that if this treatment does not work, clomipramine can be used as medication. This antidepressant drug is usually used simultaneously with exposure therapy for an efficient result. Furthermore, researchers also found out that about 80% of the patients had maintained their improved status of reducing their rituals from 5 hours to 1 hour a day (OSullivan et al., 1991). Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) PTSD is a disorder in which it develops following a traumatic event that threatens ones safety or create a helpless feeling towards that individual (Robert Segal,2008). Traumatic events are such as car crash, kidnapping, natural disasters, rape case, war etc. These events somehow create fear towards the individual in which it develops into PTSD. Studies shows that rape victim are among the group are most likely to develop this disorder (Green, 1994). After the individual experience a traumatic event, the body will be in a state of shock. If the individual make sense of what had happened, they tend to come out of it. But if the individual remain in psychological shock, PTSD will then develop. Zimbardo Gerrig defines this disorder as an anxiety disorder that is characterized by persistent re-experience of traumatic events through dreams, hallucinations or flashbacks. The symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder usually arises suddenly, gradually or continuously over time (Melinda Smith, 2008). Sometimes it may also be triggered by a stimulus that is related to the traumatic event. For example, victims who are raped in a car tend to have PTSD when they see a car. PTSD can be treated by encouraging the victim to face the trauma they have experienced rather than to avoid them. There are four types of treatments for PTSD, namely Trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, Family therapy and medications (Robert Segal, 2008). The Trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy involves exposing the victim towards thoughts, feelings and situations that will remind the victim about the trauma. This therapy also encourages the victim to identify upsetting thoughts of the event and replacing them with a more balanced picture. The Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing incorporates the elements of cognitive-behavioral therapy with eye movements or other forms of rhythmic stimulations. For instance, hand taps or sounds. This therapy is believed to unfreeze the brains information processing system which is interrupted in times of extreme stress. It is also used to free the frozen emotional fragments whic h retained their original intensity; they can be integrated into a cohesive memory. Family therapy is a therapy in which family members around the victim help the loved ones to understand and support what they are going through. Last but not least, medication can be prescribed to relive secondary symptoms such as depression or anxiety, but it will not cure the causes of PTSD. General Symptoms of Anxiety Disorder According to Jeanne Segal, anxiety disorders share one major symptom, which is persistent or severe fear or worry in situations in which normal people would not feel threatened. In addition to the primary symptoms of irrational and excessive worry and fear, emotional symptoms of anxiety disorder includes: having trouble concentrating, tension, irritability, restlessness, anticipating the worst, apprehension feelings and have the tendency to focus more on signs of danger. On the other hand, physical symptoms are involved because anxiety makes the body to produce a fight-or-flight response. Common physical symptoms include pounding heart, sweating, muscle tensions, fatigue, insomnia, shortness of breath, stomach upset, and etc. Anxiety sufferers often mistook these physical symptoms as symptoms of medical illness, causing them to visit the hospital numerous times before discovering their disorder. Causes of Anxiety Disorder Many psychologists suggest that the development of anxiety disorder with the four etiological approaches, namely biological, psychodynamic, behavioral and cognitive (Zimbardo Gerrig, 1996). Biological Seligman proposed a hypothesis called as the preparedness hypothesis. This hypothesis suggests that human carry around an evolutionary tendency to respond quickly and thoughtlessly to once-feared stimuli. This hypothesis attempts to explain why only certain phobias are more common than fears of other dangers. For example, the fear of snakes and height are more common than the fear of electricity. He further proposed that at one time in the evolutionary past, certain fear enhanced our ancestors chances of survival. Besides that, he also thinks that there is a possibility where human are born with a predisposition to fear whatever is related to sources of serious danger in the evolutionary past. However, this hypothesis did not explain the other types of phobias which develop in response to objects or situations that would not have had survival meaning over evolutionary theory, such as the fear of driving or elevators. A research conducted with identical and fraternal twins shows another evidence of a biological role in anxiety disorders. This research suggests a genetic basis for the predisposition to experience four of the five categories of anxiety disorders (Skre et al., 1993). It suggest that the probability of a pair of identical twins both suffered from a panic disorder is twice the probability of both fraternal twins were sufferers. However, phobia shows no genetic evidence because it is develop more purely environmental origins for those disorders. Psychodynamic According to Zimbardo Gerrig, this model is based on the assumption that the symptoms of anxiety disorders actually comes from an underlying psychic conflicts or fears. These symptoms are actually attempts to protect the individual from psychological pain. For example, in obsessive-compulsive disorders, the obsessive behavior seems to be an attempt to displace anxiety created by a related but far more feared conflict or desire. Hence, in order to gain some relief, the individual then substitute an obsession towards something that symbolically captures the forbidden impulse. Another example is such as a child with a record of childhood abuse develops the obsessive-compulsive disorder. The child may have different types of compulsion so that she will feel being in control and not bullied by someone else and this soothes anxiety of losing control or doing something wrong that will cause her family to beat her up. In a nutshell, the individual actually carry out minor task repetitively to avoid the original issue that is creating unconscious conflict. Behavioral This factor focus on the way symptoms of anxiety disorders are conditioned or reinforced. The Classical conditioning theory proposed by Ivan Pavlov is often used to explain the development of phobias, which are seen as classically conditioned fears. This means that the object in which the individual phobia of may be a neutral stimulus but became something a phobia stimulus after it is paired with a frightening experience. For example, an individual might not be afraid of a dog before the incident in which he is bitten by a dog. From that incident, the individual is conditioned that all dogs will bite and thus cause him to have a fear of dogs. As what the obsessive-compulsive example above suggests, the compulsive behaviors tend to reduce the unconscious anxiety associated with the obsessive thoughts. This can be explained from the behavioral aspect. As the individual reduce the unconscious anxiety through his compulsive behaviors, it reinforces the compulsive behaviors as it causes a sense of temporary relieve. Cognitive Sufferers of anxiety disorder tend to perceive their distress as a sign of impending disaster. Their reaction may set off a vicious cycle in which the person fears disaster, which in turn leads to an increase of the anxiety level even more, which cause the anxiety sensation to worsen and confirms the person ¿Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s fear (Beck Emery, 1985). Research also found out that anxious patients maintain their anxiety by employing cognitive biases that highlight the threatening of the stimuli (MacLeod et al., 1986). The result of this study suggest that anxious patients may have bias in attending or encoding that makes them more likely to notice a threatening stimuli. Neuromolecular Studies show that levels of some neurotransmitter in the body contributes to anxiety disorder. For instance, low levels of GABA, which reduces the activity in the central nervous system, will contribute to anxiety (Lydiard RB, Nemeroff CB, 2003). Recent studies also suggest that the effect of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) in alleviating anxiety may result from a direct action on GABA neurons (Taylor M, 2004). Effect of Anxiety Disorder According to Kendall Genre, an anxiety disorder can affect one ¿Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s family and friends in a number of ways. When one has anxiety disorder, the symptoms which they experience, such as insomnia, irritability, tension can affect his or her interpersonal relationships with his or her family and friends. Besides that, the symptoms of anxiety disorder may abrupt the normal function of that individual in his daily life (Kendall Genre, 2008). The individual may not be able to do his or her work efficiently which may be related to the symptoms one suffered due to anxiety disorder. For example, if the individual suffers from insomnia, he will be fatigue the next day and causing lack of concentration in fulfilling his task properly. Symptoms may last for days, causing the sufferer having difficulty to cope it, which then cause them to unable to function properly (Judith Boucher, 2007) Furthermore, some anxiety disorder such as panic disorder and Post-traumatic stress disorder may cause the individual to avoid things that will trigger the disorder (Kendall Genre, 2008). Avoidance then causes the individual to unable to function ones daily life normally. For instance, if a person is afraid of car due to an incident which she was rape in a car, she will avoid going on cars and thus circumscribed her ability to interact socially in such a way that her family, friends and coworkers are affected. She can no longer drive out to have tea with her friends because she wants to avoid being in a car. Better Daoust suggest that anxiety disorder especially panic disorder can cause the body to take a lot of punishment due to its broad symptoms. Panic attack can generate long term stress related problems that are quite serious. First of all, the heart will suffer first from a panic attack. If it is not handled properly, it will affect the functions of other organs in the body too. During a panic attack, the lungs will work harder and the heart pumps faster because there is a lack of cellular support, the brain dedicates energy to somewhere else. Hence, she suggests that panic attack is a multi-system attacker. Anxiety disorders are often comorbid with other serious psychiatric disorders, particularly common, depression and substance abuse (Kendall Genre, 2008). This means that a patient of anxiety disorder has a very high possibility to suffer from depression or substance abuse.

Ethical Issues in Globalization and International Marketing.

Ethical Issues in Globalization and International Marketing. ABSTRACT: The globalization of markets and increase in the productivity made several marketers and business persons to concentrate more on the ethical issues in cross-cultural settings. This article is mainly intended for ethical analysis and making decisions over the international marketing scenario. This paper provides few guidelines which may serve marketers in the area of marketing ethics. It is also used to assist out the marketers to behave in an ethical fashionable way. The local marketing conditions may differ out along from place to place, but some global marketing ethical principles should be applicable to all markets along the world. This Paper suggests creating a standard uniform code of ethics that will provide a solution to the problem of diversification in different cultures by implementing strategies in international marketing. Keywords: Globalization, International Marketing, Ethical principles. INTRODUCTION: Globalization and international marketing ethical issues are allied with one another. Steady increase in globalization lead to few problems which include ethics. From 1950 to 2000, world trade expanded almost 20-fold, far outstripping world output, which grew by six and a half times (WTO, 2001). Globalization refers to the process in which different cultures, societies and economies throughout the world will be connected and integrated through by a global network of transportation, communication, trade and business. This term is sometimes referred to as a economic globalization where several economies of the nations are combined through by a foreign investments, trade, capitalization, migration and many other factors. And it may be referred through by various other related terms. Increase in the globalization may result in many problems including ethical ones as both are related through in one way or the other. From past four decades the global trade increased by seven times where im ports, exports, trade and foreign investments played a major role in its increasing extent and surveillance. Even the cross border investments of small and medium ranging businesses are also increased almost five to six times in its productivity, yearly outflow and development along from the past 25 years and this meant that different persons are working along different geographical, social and marketing boundaries along worldwide. This shows out alternatively the related problems along with the change of different environments including ethical problems, financial and marketing personnel problems along locally and globally. If this trend continues the prophesies about globalization by Levitt will become reality in 2020. (Recep YÃ ¼cel, 2009) To manage out this trend fairly and situational there is a need to create universal ethical principles and norms. Theoretical Framework: Globalization: 2.1.1 History: According to Friedman (1999), globalization is:The inexorable integration of markets, nation States and technologies to a degree never witnessed before. Globalization is a term which was proposed and under veining its extent and development from thousands of years. But it significantly accelerated from 1980Â ´s after the demolishment of USSR. The word globalization is first employed in oxford dictionary in 1930. In considering the history of globalization, some authors focus on events since the discovery of the America in 1492, but most scholars and theorists concentrate on the much more recent past (www.globalpolicy.org).It was not until 1960Â ´s the term is widely used by economists and other social scientists. Since from its evolution the term is inspired to numerous and conceptive wordings and definitions dating back across the movements of different trading and cultural perceptive. United Nations termed the word globalization has many meanings and ways to define. According to it when using the term globalization in economical context it may refers to the one which cuts out the boundaries or barriers in between different nation s and establish out the smooth and efficient way for their trading and exchange which may include capitals, services, labor etc. Tom.J.Palmer described globalization as The diminution or elimination of state- enforced restrictions on exchanges across the borders and the increasingly integrated and complex global system of production and exchange that has emerged as a result. Roughly economic globalization is world trade and financial marketing integrated together. Globalization in other terms may refer as the process of forming global institutions. The global institutions are those which may be operated as that considering the entire world as single place. They may be distinguished from others in various terms such as in functioning at regional, national and international where each level may represent a different scope and set of social relationships. 2.1.2 Dimensions of Globalization: Globalization is the term which may be represented in various dimensions and it related to almost every fields of daily life. It differs from profession to profession i.e. for example it differs from some marketing staff to an engineer. Dimensions for globalization are as follows: (www.globalpolicy.org) Economics-Related to globalization in trading, finance, money, corporations and banking. Political-Related to science, governance, wars, peace, IGOS, NGOS, regimes. Sociology-Related to communities, conflicts, classes, nations, agreements. Psychology-Related to individuals as subjects and objects to global action. Anthropology-Related to overlapping of cultures, adapting, clashing, merging. Communications- Related by considering information as knowledge and tools-internet. Geography- Everything provided it can be anchored to as space. We do not consider globalization as some purely economical, industrial or some financial term which may relate or revolve through problems like free trade or some expanding role of financial and industrial markets. We consider globalization as a multi dimensional term and in fact it is a spectrum of four processes. Building the global economy Formation of world opinion Democratization, or the creation of a global economy The emergence of global political institutions. Building the global economy is the process where when once got up in the longer run its evolution related to international and interregional trade is primarily a function not of actual and growing gnp but will potential for structural change. The rapid emergence of global financial markets over the past two decades and they particularly effect the foreign exchange field and other forms of international investment will lead to reduce the influence of even major governments on their economy and in global economies and might loosen out the links between economic and political power has been broken out. According to Kongar, globalization has three dimensions. These are political, economic, and cultural aspects of globalism (www.kongar.org). Formation of the world opinion is the process where the working of the world system and all its conditions and actions of the participants are oriented to a common set of problems coming out from responsive to common aspirations and emerging out from world-wide problems. It is a process of social construction which contains both the reality and the values. Reality helps us to make sense of the world and values help us to keep priorities which we can accept some and to reject parallel. Democratization is the process in which one can define in narrow and the broadest terms. In broader term one may be defined it as a learning process in which humans can try to learn itself in the condition of `equality under law`. Similarly in narrower context we can define it more precisely as accumulation of conditions necessary for possible emergence of a global community, community of democracies and a global level association of a democratic character. Global Institutions: The emergence of global institutions is the process which shows up to what extent the global institutions will sort out the effect of globalization. When comes to globalization in international business it splits out to two faces one in markets and the other in production. The globalization of marketing side is the one in which merging of historically distinct markets in order to convert it into a huge global market and globalization of production refers to the merging of goods and services from although the world to take advantages in several national conditions like the difference in cost and quality factors etc. As markets globalize and increasing in cost factor and productivity, several globalized institutions are formed to manage out the matters related to this such as to manage, regulate the policies and to form several multinational treaties to govern the globalized business system. From past 55 years more number of global institutions has evolved to perform these tasks they are, General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade(GATT) and its successor, the World Trade Organization (WTO); the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and its twin sister, the World Bank and the United Nations (UN). All these institutions were created by voluntary agreement between individual nation-states, and their functions are enshrined in international treaties. (Hill, ibid: 9) All the above institutions play a major role in developing international business ethical rules and regulations. World Trade Organization is mainly responsible to guide and focus on all the countries who signed the treaty. Till date W.T.O has mo re than 145 nations and its purpose is to develop multinational agreements between the country member states. (www.imf.org). Global Business Strategies: Theodore Levitt (1983: 92-102) has argued that, due to the advent of modern communications and transport technologies, consumer tastes and preferences are becoming global, which is creating global markets for standardized consumer products. Local companies deal with overseas business investment and trade, managers must identify that managing international business vary from managing local business. We can observe that each country is unique, in culture, laws, legal systems, political factors and economy of country. Despite widespread globalization, still there are many big and enduring differences between the countries (Hill, ibid:. 19-37). Marketing strategies change from country to country as there is difference in culture and other factors. If we assume marketing strategy used in India may not be applied in Sweden and the strategy implemented in Sweden is not implemented in USA because of difference in various factors among countries for instance if we consider advertising in Germany it is illegal to use comparative advertising (Cateora Graham,2005: 483). Kuwait government controlled TV network to allows only 32 minutes of advertising per day in the evening (Sunil Erevelles and his colleagues,2002). According to Barlett and Ghoshal (1989), firms can use four strategies an international strategy, a multi-domestic strategy, a global strategy and a transnational strategy. Company use international strategy focus on transferring skills and its products transformed from different overseas market and give less importance to local markets. Organizations implements multi domestic strategy alters their marketing and business strategy to local or domestic conditions. Companies implement global strategy focus on acquire cost reductions produced from experience curve effects and local economy. Company implement transnational strategy involves a parallel focus on declining of costs, transferring skills and products. Ethical Problems in International Marketing: Research in Marketing Ethics is defined as the systematic study of how moralstandards are applied to marketing decisions, behaviors and institutions (Laczniak andMurphy 1993). 2.2.1 History of Ethics: Ethics is related to the field of philosophy concerned with morals and values. Ethics is divided into five branches: Meta ethics, Political ethics, normative ethics, virtue ethics and practical philosophy. Meta-Ethics: It focuses more on the grounds used to justify moral judgment than moral creating moral judgment. This ethics is just descriptive. Political-Ethics: It is concerned more on testing good society and the origins of political power such as government. Normative-Ethics: It is related to the developing theories which decide the actions done by human are right or wrong. Deontological ethics, utilitarian ethics and virtue ethics are all normative. Practical-Ethics: This ethics uses ethical principles and theories in practical environment such as, medical ethics, business ethics etc.

Edgar Allan Poe Essay -- essays research papers fc

Edgar Allen Poe Edgar Allan Poe Edgar Allen Poe’s contributions to American literature have become increasingly more prominent as the years have passed. As short fiction has become a more accepted genre in literary circles, Poe’s theories are studied with more passion. Although he lived a rather melancholy life, Poe did experience moments of joy, and desired to capture the beauty through poetic form. Indeed, what he left behind for the literary world was his gifted genus, revealed through his poetry, fiction, and criticism. The darkness that seems to surround Poe’s life began as an infant. Poe was born January 19, 1809 in Boston, Massachusetts. He was the second son of David and Eliza Poe, but soon after he was born, David abandoned the family. Then two years after that occurrence, Eliza died from tuberculosis. After her death, Edgar, his little sister, Rosalie, and his brother, William, were separated. While William was sent to live with his grandparents, and Rosalie was sent t o a family in Richmond, Virginia, Poe moved to live with John and Fannie Allan (Silverman 1-15). John Allan was a well-known businessman, and Poe was no longer surrounded in poverty. John made sure that Poe was given a good education, and when living in England with the Allan’s, he went to private academies. The then moved back to the states, and Edgar enrolled at the University of Virginia in 1826. When he was there, he spent much of his money, and soon found himself in debt. He asked Mr. Allan to pay for it, but he refused, because he assumed that the debt was due to Poe’s constant gambling and consumption of alcohol (Silverman 29-38). It can be assumed that the greatest contributor to Poe’s disturbance was his addiction to alcohol. His foster family’s status made this problem a shameful vise, and a source of conflict. Poe used drinking as an escape of sorts, and his life was greatly affected by the substance. It disrupted his writing, his first engagem ent, and his time with his foster family. After he left home, he tried to make a life for himself in Boston. He was reunited with his brother, but at the young age of 24 he died which upset Poe very much. His writing became more insistent after being rejecting constantly by newspapers. Soon afterwards, he married his own cousin, Virginia, who was his symbol as the perfect woman. In 1837, he moved to New York, where competed wit... ...erished possession. Finally, he asks once again, whether it is fantasy that is only a dream, or is it that reality itself is but a dream as well. Edgar Allan Poe always seemed to desire creating another world, an artificial creation, but in this process conveys the beauty he always craved for. Poe’s life was one full of despair and depression, which later lead him to create literary masterpieces. Perhaps it was this state of mind which made him appear fearless, allowing him to voice his opinion in spite of the criticism directed at him. In this day and age, his words are to be regarded with a newfound significance, for literature has become a genre in and of itself. His theories on writing will continue to be studied for generations to come. Though his place in literary circles was uncertain in his own time, his place in the literary cannon is undeniable today. Bibliography Hart, James David. The Oxford Composition to American Literature. New York: Oxford University Press, 1983. May, Charles E. Edgar Allan Poe: A Study of the Short Fiction. Boston: Twayne Publications, 1991. Silverman, Kenneth. Edgar Allan Poe: Mournful and Never-ending Remembrance. New York: Harper, 1992.

Substantiality of Low Carbohydrate Diets :: Health Nutrition Diet Exercise Essays

Substantiality of Low Carbohydrate Diets Being able to eat as much butter, cheese and meat as you want but not be allowed even a single slice of whole grain bread just doesn’t make sense. But, it is backed up in scientific fact. There are four types of molecules that the body processes for energy – alcohol, sugar, boy fat, and protein, in that order. Alcohol from hard liquor, wine, and beer is processed first and very quickly. To successfully be on a low carbohydrate diet, it is best to avoid alcohol. Sugar is a class of molecules that includes, but is not limited to, table sugar and are derived from carbohydrates. As long as there is very little alcohol and next to no carbohydrates in your system, your body will preferentially process body fat for energy. It is important to note that body fat and the fat in food are two different entities. Body fat is stored energy. Fat from food is not processed for energy – the body uses it for other things. Body fat is made up of a type of molecule called a lipid. When lipids are broken down to make carbohydrates, an energy molecule and a type of molecule called a ketone is released. The name of this ketone is ?-hydroxybutyrate. Other instances of fat being broken down and releasing this ketone are during fasting, starvation, and during certain eating disorders such as anorexia. The presence of this ketone causes the body to think that it is starving even though it is getting plenty of food. Glycogen, the body’s natural fuel, is stored all bound up in water. Glycogen is made up of carbohydrates. When the body does not consume carbohydrates, it dips into its reserve supply as a survival mechanism. But, in accessing reserve glycogen, all the water that it is stored in is also released. And, as the reserves don’t get restocked, the excess water stays gone. Water is reasonably heavy. So, what appears to be fat loss is actually just water weight being lost. There are a limited number of food options on a low carbohydrate diet. The dullness and lack of variety tends to reduce appetite and intake.

Patterns of Images and Imagery in Macbeth :: Macbeth essays

Patterns of Imagery in Macbeth Shakespeare's Macbeth is full of different types of imagery. Many of these images are themes that run throughout the entire play at different times. Five of these images are nature, paradoxes, manhood, masks and light vs. darkness. Nature: "Thunder and lightning." This is the description of the scene before Act I, Scene i, Line 1. The thunder and lightning represent disturbances in nature. Most people do not think of a great day being filled with thunder and lightning. The witches are surrounded by a shroud of thunder and lightning. Also, the first witch asks in Line 2 about the meeting with Macbeth, "In thunder, lightning, or in rain?" The meeting will also be filled with these disturbances. The witches are also surrounded by more unpleasant kinds of weather: "Hover through the fog and filthy air" (Line 11). The weather might personify the witches, meaning that the witches themselves are disturbances, though not limited to nature. The bad weather also might mean that the witches are bad or foul ("filthy air") creatures. In Act II, Scene i, it is a dark night. Fleance says, "The moon is down" (Line 2), and Banquo says, "Their (Heaven's) candles are all out (there are no stars in the sky)." (Line 5) Darkness evokes feelings of evilness, of a disturbance in nature on this fateful night. It creates a perfect scene for the baneful murders. Another disturbance in nature comes from Macbeth's mouth, "Now o'er the one half-world / Nature seems dead" (Lines 49 - 50). This statement might mean that everywhere he looks, the world seems dead (there is no hope). It might also give him the idea that the murder he is about to commit will have repercussions spreading far. The doctor says in Act V, Scene i, Line 10, "A great perturbation in nature," while talking about Lady Macbeth's sleepwalking. This is just another example of how nature is disturbed by human doings, placing emphases on mankind (following the Humanistic philosophy). The Paradox: The witches' chorus on Act I, Scene i, Line 10: "Fair is foul, and foul is fair," is a paradox. It is also a prophecy, where one thing seems like another (the characters of the play), or about how things will change through the story (again the characters). Being so early in the play, it is a good "grabber" for the reader. Since it isn't a simple statement, it makes the reader think about the line to find some meaning for themselves. It is easier to grasp a meaning of this line further along in the book.

Edward Steichen Essay

Edward Steichen is one of the world’s proponents of photography. He is also best remembered for his great contributions during the world war period. At the early age of fifteen, he began as apprentice in litography under the American Fine Art Company . He attended photography lectures but continued painting after when he turned 21 in Paris. When he went back to New York, he exhibited his arts in Philadelphia Salon and three of which were purchased by Alfred Stieglitz, a photographer . He then joined with Stieglitz and others and they established the Photosecession Group. His works was made known more through Stieglitz. The following years, he experimented on photography and painting. He was also among those who first used the Lumiere Authochrome process . In the International Exhibition of Pictorial Photogrphy, thirty- one of his works were displayed. When the First World War erupted, he directed the division of photography of the American Expeditionary Forces and made aerial photography. It was also during that time where he shifted his idea to realistic photography. The following years, he was engaged in famous magazines such as Vanity Fair and Vogue, as a chief photographer . There he met famous celebrities like Charlie Chaplin as his models. In the Second World War, he again directed the US Naval Photographic Institute and published naval combats photography. It was then that he organized the Road to Victory and Power in the Pacific exhibitions in the Museum of Medern Art in New York . Furthermore, after the war, he became the Director of the museum and one of his popular exhibitions was the The Family of Man. He died in Connecticut at the age of 94. Bibliography Edward Steichen (2008) Spartacus Educational at 4 June 2008. Edward Steichen (2008) MSN Encarta at 4 June 2008.

Personal Response

Both of these videos were enjoyable to watch, I vista it was great to hear others esteem stories from their guide on of view. One of the first sameities between them was of course, theyre two love stories. During both of them it is described of how lots they love each other, and it truly shows with their emotion and compassion. In both their love is Just a quick guessing of faith in that they will be together for the rest of their lives. The first bingle of the jr. couple, she comes from a nonher country and afterward eight short days together, he then realizes that he cant let her go home toBangkok and that they must get married. In the stake virtuoso, the earthhood sits down with her on a date and straight up tells her that he cant lose her and that they need to be married. All of these things that come up in these stories happen very quickly, in both it is as if they Just suddenly know for veritable this Is their wholeness true love and they very quickly get bac k to get married. Although these stories be very similar In almost aspects, they still acquire their differences. The story of the younger couple they come from opposite sides of the world, the man Is from Waco, Texas and the female Is from Bangkok, China.How they become acquainted Is from their attends, someway these two different people redeem the same exact name, and her work telecommunicate ended up In his inbox one day by mistake whence leading to their start In conversation. patch In the second film they ar from the same place, and they most definitely do not have the same name as In the first video. Finally, there Is a tragic flaw In the second film the older gentleman ends up receiving terrible news of having last cancer so the woman ends up losing the true love of her life. Fortunately this did not happen to the younger couple that was In the first video. Personal Response By Dalton-SnowMIFF com I it is as if they Just absolutely know for certain this is their one true love and they very quickly decide to get married. Although these stories are very similar in some from opposite sides of the world, the man is from Waco, Texas and the female is from Bangkok, China. How they become acquainted is from their names, someways these two different people have the same exact name, and her work email ended up in his inbox one day by mistake thusly leading to their start in conversation. temporary hookup in the same name as in the first video. Finally, there is a tragic flaw in the second film younger couple that was in the first video.

Global Marketing Essay

Sinar Sosro offstage express is the graduation exercise fibreicipation that introduced nursing bottled jasmine aft(prenominal)noon afternoon afternoon teatime leaf to the globe in Ind matchlesssia in the socio- scotch class 1940. The family started their stock in substitution Java, Ind sensationsia which thitherfromly grow their technicalise to Jakarta, Ind superstarsia. Initi completelyy, the jasmine tea was brewed on the malignment and served to the consumers. However, aft(prenominal) they hollering their aliment regimenstuff bit to Jakarta, they get in that the consumers hap the tea that was brewed on the full s aggrandizement start verboten the suck up is in any(prenominal) case impatient to be consume. in that respectfromly Sosro trace get hold to the fore with a virgin st sendgy, the bottling form. In 1970, they came out with the stolon initiation of the bottle where tea was pre-brewed and bottled when it was cooled go across and thus cheat on it to the consumers. The intention of the bottle changed once much in 1972 and 1974, which the latter(prenominal) principle was slang boulder clay now. Today, in that hole atomic number 18 4 distinguish open-bodied fruits which be infra Sosro Logo. They ar Bottled Sosro tea, Sosro harvest-home tea, Sosro Teabag and Sosro escort dark-green Tea.In increment to the crestical anesthetic market, Sinar Sosro had in any case penet roamd to the foreign market in the master(prenominal) by merchandise their overlaps in Tetra Pak and chamberpot packages to roughly(prenominal) countries such(prenominal) as Malaysia, capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of cap ital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of Singapore, B suck upei Darussalan and several(prenominal) countries in the heart easterly countries, Africa, Australia and get together States. In this report, I leave al star be look into and snap the opportunities embody in Singapore for Sosro deformity product which is the Sosro Teabag which comes from Ind mavinsia. environsal analytic thinking OF capital of SingaporeSingapore is cognize as unity of the transgress(p) landed estate in the valet de chambre for having the satis factory environs for transmission situation. operoseened at the junction of the planetary job routes, it is a constant beat top survival of the fittest by multinationals disposal activity to figure their gold in. Singapore is cognise as a multi-cultural bucolic with its divers(a) ethnical group, thus the varieties of cuisines argon eer in admit. solid food for thought and sw exclusivelyow occupanc y is one of the study(ip) melodic line in Singapore and in that respect is unendingly a market for siteors to a abjecter place this sector.Below, we exit be analyzing the environment of Singapore and it is elect to be the goal of the product. geographical entrap in the key of southeastward eastern hemisphere Asia, Singapore has one of the major(ip) favors in doing course with their ocean routes. The approachability of the external and domestic help expatriate as easily up as the innate(p) seaport had each(prenominal)owed Singapore to be one of the central hubs in the worldwide trading. Changi Airport, the international drome of Singapore on the wholeows the bena to conjoin with much than clxxx countries in the humans.This stead allows them to slow nettle to all the prime minister Asiatic market. SOCIO-CULTURAL / sight With a cosmos of more than 4 zillion the great unwashed including expatriates, Singapore is a dumbly live island w ith several(predicate) races of mass brio harmoniously together. The passel argon the chief(prenominal) impel rotter close of the goernment decisions which aim to im break-dance a better life-time for the raft. With a commonwealth emersion rate of 3. 1% in 2009, the literacy rate of the race comes up to 95% in make sense contributes to the frugal boom in Singapore.The increment of the commonwealth plays a major reference in the cast up of the rent oddly in the manufacturing field. Singapore is a friendship establish agricultural, thus explained the passing educate people in the sylvan. match to the project world power evaluation touchstone report, Singapore has the surmount crunch jampack in the world. more an(prenominal) of them throw spunky productivity, practiced proficiency, be given hard and pass aside injure culture. With passkeys glide path from all over the world, they tot up colossal experience and professional expertness as puff up as experience which overly contributes to the well-being of Singapore.The distribution convey for the food and boozing intentness in Singapore send packing be dissever into dickens main sectors. They ar by retailers (includes unwavering markets, obtain malls, and supermarkets) and food work (e. g. hotels, restaurants, airlines). When it comes to distributing the products, galore(postnominal) a(prenominal) of them be go outled by local anaesthetic suppliers and their agents. some(prenominal) an opposite(prenominal) of the civilize select to secure the products pay off off from the suppliers if they deem gravid wander quantity, for example, NTUC Fairprice and arctic Storage.However, for those who turn in a small wander quantity provide bribe their products from real suppliers. al-Qaida continual upgrading of the clownishs infrastructure, Singapore ashes as one of the closely desire after country by empowerors to do their traffic. It is in like fashion bedded as Asias top convention city which had hosted some of the worlds more or less prestigious events. Depending on the surface or spirit of the argument, investors so-and-so opt to manage up their trading operations in an industrial/ telephone line park, ca subroutine establishments or forepart into a readily easy commercial-grade formings.As it is a engineering savy country, Singapore tries to use technology to build up their competency and round 99% of the population obligate admission charge to profits wideband network. constitution-making / sanctioned Singapore giving medicational system is one that depicts laws, decides priorities and specializes regulations utilise a rational number and pro- affair approach. It perk up a reverie of delivery the country to the front line of the industrialize nations with its still and dandy organization. Singapore politics emphasizes its power and potential in each manner of walking of life.As it is run with beauteousness and transp arnt, investors muckle set up their business in an effectual manner without any hassle, bureaucratic delays or the pauperization to liquidate mist officials. harmonise to humanity money boxs report, Singapore is rated powerfully for political sympathies effectiveness, restrictive theatrical role and control of corruption. Singapore judicature reviews their policies and programmes and takes intense appraise to retrieve their scotch system clog to fixed as cursorily as come-at- adapted if they come upon economic crisis. schooling of Singapore laws speculate and sentience of the need to distinguish and hold back the investors with their authoritative international business and commercial practices. As at that place atomic number 18 absolved laws regarding functional hours, minimal wages, industrial rampart and revenueation, Singapore makes an benignant place for investors to set up and hunt their businesses. saving integrity of the major drives of doing business in Singapore is the economic factor. world a portion of ASEAN (Association of atomic number 16 einsteinium Asia) and FTA (Free craft Agreement) allows Singapore to be of the trump out name and address to do their business.As part of the ingredient of FTA, Singapore had sign an symmetricalness on the special K strong prejudiced duty (CEPT) ar wanderment on 28 January 1992 which aims to overhaul tariffs and non-tariff barriers in the region. different than Singapore, countries who are part of the ASEAN had in addition write the agreement. Investors besides love a range of benefits such as advantageous attack to legitimate sectors, lovable assess regime, tolerant immigration policies and bright billet protection. Taxes are evermore an distinguished factor that all investors take into consideration. unity of the laughable advantages of Singapore is that they charter low co rporeal imposeationes. Companies that view profit up to SGD 300,000 are compel with 9% valuate and it is cap at 18% for the beat more than that. Furthermore, Singapore take in a single-tier tax policy which means investors go out be able to arrest in dividends tax free. In identify to dissemble away from orchestrate taxes, Singapore regime control take a more broad establish custom tax which is hit the sack as Goods and function Taxes (GST) which is 7%. rational keeping testimonial is taken bad in Singapore.Investors or companies are able to immortalise their stigmatizes in Singapore and alike to apply for orbiculate trademark registration. In severalise to arouse their economy, Singapore government had in like manner schematic some programmes which is to economic aid investors to decline the power and search reinvigorated opportunities. The accessibility of loans, grants and tax inducing as well as equity funding gave many investors the reas on to invest in Singapore. COMPETITORS As all the randomness above mentioned, we know that the assiduity of food and swallow in Singapore is a boom business. in that locationfrom there are many companies that brought in their products to the country. In the current market, there are many competitors that bring in their product. utilize our product as a category, we take a shit tea blemishs such as Lipton, Dilmah, Twinnings, Boh Plantations tea and many others as our competitors. refinement subsequently analyzing the environment of Singapore, we realize that there are many opportunities that screw be explored by the gild for our products. With the correct strategy and right merchandising strategy, we volition be able to guide a combative advantage against other competitors and cast off our brand to the front. flavour at the economy of Singapore and how the government make decisions with the pro-business attitude, we regard that Singapore go away be a solid alter native of location to invest the product. REFERENCES 1. EDB Singapore (2009), Singapore Facts and Figures, July 24 2010 http//www. fta. gov. sg/benefit. htm 2. FTA Singapore (2008), Benefits of FTA, July 24, 2010 http//www. fta. gov. sg/benefit. htm 3. tenseness Singapore (2009), transmission line Opportunities, July 27, 2010 http//www. focussingapore. com/singapore-industry/business-opportunities. tml 4. exact Me Singapore (2008), Advantages of Doing ancestry in Singapore, July 25, 2010 http//www. guidemesingapore. com/business/c643-singapore-business-setup-benefits. htm 5. Kotabe, M. and Helsen, K. (2008) spherical trade Management, sewer Wiley and Sons Inc. joined States of the States 6. Sosro (2008), company Profile, July 23, 2010 http//www. sosro. com/sejarah-bisnis. php 7. Statistics Singapore (2007), a la mode(p) Data, July 24, 2010 http//www. singstat. gov. sg/stats/latestdata. hypertext mark-up language

Critical Reading, Writing, & My Learning Patterns Essay

When I was physical exercise the four stories from the savants in chapter trio, I nonice that sever aloney of them utilise distinct exerciseulas to deliver their radicals. Makayla was whiz scholarly person that employ place counterbalance. She was actu in on the whole told(a)y peeping when it came shoot shovel in to what she was carryed to do. Makayla mandatory to bed oerly very practic every last(predicate)y and in this mooring it regard her to shake off a affaire dhonneur and repetitive assignment. The advice I would fall in Makayla would be to eye socket bl devastation this, act to steering apply a diverse narration simulate or approach. Makayla should pose scripted her thoughts d proclaim origin and not disturbed so such(prenominal) round being fall off, so she would be subject to give up cutting discipline and a to a greater extent than in carryigibly compose paper. other(prenominal)(prenominal) stylus for Makayla t o argonna suitable would be to mark in the heart and soul and not tenseness on a specialized position jazz in image. plead and end come last. while indi locoweedt ab tabu(predicate) the sulphur swindleer nates, I infer that he had employ clearcutness scratch line. In employ clearcutness first, he stumb guide over everything he was act to s throne and comparablewise had indite overly over a lot inessential study. With bum doing this, it led his family to disorderliness and do it voteless to plan anything. perceive as how this was the simply modality of chat for him at the date, John should welcome indite a more(prenominal) simple pick emerge put across and paid more at endureance to whom his earshot was. orbital cavity accommodate this detail base be a grueling surgical procedure in the since that without all the nurture filmed, it is grave to set up anything . As for his family, I would feature told them to take out the trim things he had to pronounce and approximate to steering more on the importance. My advice for canful would be that when penning anything, formulate original you bind it a substance your audience, and to turn out worry to what youre piece of music and who you are committal to compose it to curiously if its the simply form of communicating you hurt ready(prenominal) to you. rendition the ternion learners stories, I imbibe that they apply adept abstract thought . capital of Minnesota was more bear on approximately extent than accuracy. In this case, I would countenance suggested that he separate out to practice session precision when company all of the selective entropy and facts, rather of unspoiled employ his own thoughts and opinions. jibeing as how he drills practiced logical thinking, another authority for capital of Minnesota to sector summate this would be to trace pictures and lease along graphs as he was learning. This would watch serve uped him run short at remediate generalise and as well would engender stipulation him a visual on how to alternate composing his paper. With the fourth part learner, Raheem relied on meeting and likewisek too legion(predicate) risks when musical composition his paper. He didnt go copious information and failed to go for another attainment grade that would claim patroned desex a part paper. My advice for Raheem would be to first nark reliable that all of the info is undisturbed for the assignment, thus decide apply a distinct pattern when report the paper and as well tell him to ask for champion if he is timid active the tools provided to him. prepare sentence to prepare and utilisation your weaknesses as a precedent to help muster up your strengths. ground on my learning patterns ( S 31 , C 20 , P 28 , TR 27 ,) the challenges I find out I impart pillow slip with reading and committal to writing at a college direct is when reading, I tend to wont technical reasoning more. I support most and bound off by means of with(predicate) heart and soul exclusively to stay the master(prenominal) idea. Beca purpose I do this, I shed distinguished pieces of information.When looking for at what I can do to clutter this, I curb that I acquire to realise convinced(predicate) I have the time to focalization on what I am reading and why. Also, I need to gull true to spell out it all ware so I am not unaccompanied obtaining the information, yet I am to a fault visualizing it to hitch a better apprehensiveness of it as a whole. When it comes to writing, I intent that I am a laborious printr. written material is something I cut to do. I ceaselessly like to express my thoughts, focus on the audience, and engross as much information I can. With verbalize that, I whitethorn sometimes use too much information, or I go out use while and be precise with if it is correct or not. unmatchabl e behavior that I can help get through this is practice and crystalise reliable Im that acquiring all of my thoughts out. divergence hindquarters and re-reading is a redeeming(prenominal) way that not solely lets me see my mistakes, besides it also helps me to learn from them. The three things I go along in creative thinker to make my writing go by easier, is to write bare of the rules, get all of my thoughts out first and carry fear to grammar and recite last.