Morris Kent Jr. vs. the United States Essay Example for Free

Morris Kent Jr. vs. the United States Essay At the age of 14 years in 1959 he was reported to have committed several offenses on housebreakings and attempted purse snatching. He was placed under probation on his mother’s care with corresponding social services. At the age of 16 in 1961 he was reported to have committed housebreaking, stealing the house owner’s wallet, and raping her. After which he admitted committing several offenses of the same manner. The waiver Kent’s mother, a lawyer, and a case worker from the juvenile court filed a petition to consider waiving the case while he was placed at the District of Columbia Receiving Home for children for a week. The trial and verdict He was convicted to six counts on housebreaking and robbery but was acquitted on two rape counts by reason of insanity. The appeal Objections to fingerprinting proceeding, absence to notification of parents, and courts denial to the access on his social services file. Petitioner also questioned the validity of the one week detainment at the District of Columbia which if an adult is already considered unlawful. The validity of the waiver which denies the petitioner the benefits of the juvenile courts parens patriae capacity (Howell 1998). Schall vs Martin The history At the age of 14 in Dec. 13, 1977 Gregory Martin was arrested with first degree robbery, second degree assault, and criminal possession of a weapon. Martin with two others allegedly hit a youth on the head with a loaded gun. They then stole the victim’s jacket and sneakers. The procedure Martin evidenced of lack of supervision was based on possession of a loaded weapon, lateness of the hour, and false information on his address given to the police. He was detained for a total of fifteen days between the initial appearance and the completion of the fact finding. The trial and verdict Martin was found guilty on robbery and criminal possession charges. Since he was adjudicated as delinquent, he was placed on two years probation. The appeal Objections were made on the pretrial detention of juveniles implying greater abuses of law and power. Re Gault, re Winship, Mckeiver vs the State of Pennsylvania The cases Winship was a twelve year old boy in 1970 who entered into a locker and stole $112. 00 from a woman’s pocketbook. He was ordered placed in a training school for an initial period of 18 months subject to annual extensions from the basis of preponderance of the evidence. Gault was 15 years old in 1967 when taken into custody as a result of a complaint that he had made lewd telephone calls. He was ordered to perform as a juvenile delinquent until he should reach maturity at the State Industrial School. Mckeiver was charged together with a group of 11 to 15 years with various acts of misdemeanors which arose from several demonstrations protesting school assignments and a school consolidation plan. The public was excluded from the hearing for major reason that the juvenile proceeding might make the trial into a fully adversary process. Each member of the juvenile group was considered a delinquent while placing each of them under probation. Analysis and recommendations The Juvenile Justice Services Administration is responsible for the effective administration of the juvenile justice programs for delinquent and incorrigible youths which is being done in coordination with the juvenile courts. The identification of the needs of children facing delinquency leads to the invention and creation of the juvenile courts to go easy on young criminals. The rapid increased of juvenile crime and young people identified as at risk has created a furor on shocking juvenile crime statistics which resulted to a public outcry on the need for change in the management of young offenders in all of US states nationwide. This practically litigated some offenders in adult criminal courts. The argument details on young children who had committed violent crimes like assault, rape, murder and armed robbery which are often adjudicated in the same court as non violent offenders charged with shoplifting, burglary, and petty theft to drug offenses. The growing disillusionment of the therapeutic and ineffective approach of the juvenile justice system has resulted to appeals for a modification of its due process to transfer young offenders to adult courts and prisons. It has been the present society’s desire to oppose rehabilitation and effect punishment. They firmly believed that the framework of the juvenile justice system has permitted young offenders to avoid accountability which led to its nonadversarial, decriminalized process where violent offenders were never separated and categorized according to the severity of their crimes. The court subsequently measures to provide guidance and rehabilitation of the child and protection for society not to fix criminal responsibility, guilt and punishment according to their parens patriae capacity. It seems that US is now caught up with its own policy which seems to produce a rapid increase of juvenile offenders who are not amenable to rehabilitation who acts as criminals who happens to be children. The courts are now dealing on the crossroads of empowering themselves to consider amenability between children who err and those children who commits an isolated criminal offense against the mandates of the juvenile justice court system. There is a marked dependency issues within the jurisdiction of the court and for young offenders otherwise involved in the judicial system. The system which serves to pose as an integral part of the national development process to protect the young and maintain peaceful order in the system has created chaos because of its policy and practice of informal justice for issues of social control. Most common practice is the treatment of every youth who violates the law is not labeled as a juvenile delinquent unless they were officially processed through the juvenile courts and officially adjudicated. But how can they be properly processed if at the start police interventions are already placing lax policies at stake? Is it a matter of policy makers and policies implementation? Or is it a matter of family emotional and authority interconnections that created the young person as he is today? The purposes and procedures of juvenile courts have become immerse on public reactions reflecting opinions on the system. To protect the rights of the young offenders, there must be a classification on matters of the crime that was committed. It is necessary to redesign a new youth justice system before it does more public harm. Young offenders caught in the web of the existing criminal justice system shall be classified according to the severity of the crime that was committed through individualized assessment and proactive case management. There shall be a diverse menu of options where the institution shall be created solely for the young offenders. This is the day that the court will treat crime as a crime regardless of the offender’s age and the appropriate time that young offenders will hold accountability and experience the consequences of their acts. Young people who violate the law are no longer guaranteed special treatment simply because they are young but must be disciplined according to the severity of the violations they had committed on separate juvenile institutions. The separate institution is still a form of special treatment where the facilities and the education and training of the young offenders are to be thoroughly studied. Amidst the severity of the crime, young offenders will still continue to be cognitively, emotionally and socially different from adults. Therefore the separation and the creation of a unique institution for them where they shall attend training and education inside and still receive diplomas for their education continues to serve them as citizens and young offenders. There must be a mother image or model assigned to a particular group of five or six children who will monitor their personal needs and really pose as a parent to them. Screening for the recruitment of mothers on this process must be very thorough and well maintained. When we say that young people are vulnerable to negative influences, we can justify the mother or parent issue by the model parent who constantly monitors and cares for them and teaches them basic family values that may be more than what their biological parents could give largely dependent on the nature and characteristics of the model parent screening recruitment process. Why not try hiring Asians? Maybe a change of culture introduction will work for these offenders. When you are out of ideas on how to control them, we might as well try other cultures to experiment the effect. We might as well try blending policies and practices on the care management of these juvenile delinquents. There shall be no lapses over the rights of the child being tried in an adult court regardless of age on the basis of the severity of the crime because the institution to where he goes is not a mix adult one but a newly created institution that caters juvenile criminals for this matter. No fear of any adverse effect on social issues and negative adult influences because they interact with people of the same violent crimes and same age bracket. Or to modify court proceedings, since we already have classifications on the severity of offenses then it can move to create law appropriate for these juveniles who were criminally charged. However, the trials shall be done under and within the umbrella of the juvenile justice system with no act of favoritism on matters of age. So waivers on matters of jurisdiction may not pose a threat to committing mistakes on putting the child into the adult institution. The issue here is the willingness of the State to provide such juvenile penitentiary. The cost and the budget appropriations will more or less equal to the budget on their drug abuse intervention offers. But if young offenders will be criminally hold accountable for their offenses then they will absolutely stop and start to manage their baby instincts which results from baby court policies and treatment of their offenses and age. The court is not justifying the act but is more on protecting the age which contributes to these young people’s confidence in passing time making crimes and getting away with it because they are young which is very unreasonable and not applicable either in the family system more on the justice court system. The issue that serves to balance the recommendation is the factors that made this young delinquents abused their rights. Maybe there were too many rights given to them that the court cannot invade to create justice for the victims in that system anymore. They have made a perfect firewall on their policies that even them cannot manage to hack their own system to change. There shall be a modification with the justice system classification on young people’s offenses and put them right back on their tracks without getting their rights off. For once in their lives they should know the harm and damage they had done to their victims and make them pay for it in their unique form of institution. It is a matter of psychological warfare with these young people. The psychological warfare of which is already in their own advantage because of the juvenile justice system policies and practices. We love our children but we need to rear them right. Love does not only mean making them babies in treatment and in policies, they also need a little spanking when they err to understand the severity of their act. Love means caring for their needs but still punishing them when they do things that poses harm to themselves, harm to their families and harm to the society. We have to stop the notion of making them think that what they are doing is still acceptable because of the governing family policies and juvenile justice system methods of treatment and rehabilitation. It is a matter of breaking their confidence now that they were made indestructible in court because of their age. The idea is to make them realize what they have done is immaterial to age but a direct violation of love and God. The institution will serve them right because they are properly taken cared of depending on the administration. Since national policy has been taking children out of their families because they don’t trust parents to be effective anymore, which is due to their policy also, then putting then in a juvenile institution consisting of a large land, mother models, equip with schools for education and training when they err will put them in their places without taking out their right. It is a midway and the last recourse for these children. There will be no fear on part of the parents and no fear on part of the justice system. The kids now will serve their time studying and learning skills to get a life after serving their sentences. Some grave offenses will require them to work within the institution as part of the training like foundry or what Don Bosconian students are doing. If you don’t want to work and get trained 8 hours a day, then don’t commit grave offenses. Just be a youth and live how a youth is supposed to live. It is a matter now of choice for these juvenile offenders. The knowledge itself that they have an institution to go won’t make them go easy on their impulse acts and imaginations. It is like the idea of over feeding the child which makes him obese, overprotective policy will make him a criminal because nobody can touch him. It seems that the idea lies on the thought that the victim will fear more of being killed and raped by a juvenile offender because no justice can be absolutely derived from it. How can a nation maintain peace and order then when it disrupts respect for law and of the rights of the victim in the first place? We want to see the situation objectively. Reversing orders by judges is just not applicable but modifications on the juvenile justice system are what we have to look into deeply. It is time for a change and that change shall start now before certain events will turn to future abolition of the ineffective juvenile justice system. We just have to look at the flow chart and analyze the policies and procedures involved in each processes. The theme is objective analysis and not favors. The only thing that will hold them from waivers and transfers to adult courts are the negative consequences of adult institutions for their age and shall not be based on their ages. Figure 1. Juvenile justice flow chart (Arizona 2006) References Arizona Supreme Court. (2006). Juvenile justice flow chart. Retrieved May 19, 2007 Website: http://www. supreme. state. az. us/jjsd/jolts/FlowChart. htm Howell, J. C. (1998, January). NCCDs Survey of Juvenile Detention and Correctional Facilities. Crime Delinquency. Retrieved May 19, 2007 Website: http://law. jrank. org/pages/12936/Kent-v-United-States. html

A Study On Banking Ombudsman Scheme Commerce Essay

A Study On Banking Ombudsman Scheme Commerce Essay The Banking Ombudsman Scheme, 1995 was notified by RBI on June 14, 1995 in terms of the powers conferred on the Bank by Section 35A of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 to provide for a system of redressal of grievances against banks. The Scheme sought to establish a system of expeditious and inexpensive resolution of customer complaints. The Scheme is in operation since 1995 and was revised during the year 2002. The Scheme is being executed by Banking Ombudsmen appointed by RBI at 15 centres covering the entire country. The word ‘Ombudsman in general means a ‘grievance man, a public official who is appointed to investigate complaints against the administration. He is to intervene for theordinarycitizen in his dealings with the complex machinery of the establishment. Objective The objective behind this scheme is to make available an expeditious and cost effective grievance redressal mechanism to bank customers. Vision and Goals of the Banking Ombudsman Offices Vision Statement To be a visible and credible system of dispute resolution mechanism for common persons utilizing the banking services. Goals To ensure redressal of grievances of users of banking services in an inexpensive, expeditious, fair and reasonable manner that will provide impetus to improved customer services in the banking sector on a continuous basis. To provide valuable feedback suggestions to Reserve Bank of India towards framing appropriate and timely guidelines to banks to improve the level of customer service and to strengthen their internal grievance redressal systems. To enhance the awareness of the Banking Ombudsman Scheme. To facilitate quick and fair (non-discriminatory) redressal of grievances through use of IT systems, comprehensive and easily accessible database and enhanced capabilities of staff through training. SCOPE OF THE SCHEME The Banking Ombudsman Scheme, 2002 covers all the Regional Rural Banks in addition to all Commercial Banks and Scheduled Primary Co-operative Banks, which were already covered by earlier Banking Ombudsman Scheme, 1995. The grounds of complaints that can be entertained by the Banking Ombudsmen have been enumerated in Clause 12 of the Banking Ombudsman Scheme 2002. What are complaints Ombudsman may receive? The Banking Ombudsman can receive and consider any complaint relating to the following deficiency in banking services (including internet banking): * non-payment or inordinate delay in the payment or collection of cheques, drafts or bills * non-acceptance of small denomination notes * non-acceptance of coins tendered * non-payment or delay in payment of inward remittances * failure to issue or delay in issue of drafts * non-adherence to prescribed working hours * failure to provide or delay in providing a banking facility * complaints from Non-Resident Indians having accounts in India * refusal to open deposit accounts without any valid reason for refusal * levying of charges without adequate prior notice to the customer * non-disbursement or delay in disbursement of pension * refusal to accept or delay in accepting payment towards taxes * forced closure of deposit accounts without due notice * refusal to close or delay in closing the accounts * non-adherence to the fair practices code as adopted by the bank * any other matter relating to the violation of the directives When a person may file the complaint? One can file a complaint before the Banking Ombudsman if the reply is not received from the bank within a period of one month after the bank concerned has received one s representation, or the bank rejects the complaint, or if the complainant is not satisfied with the reply given by the bank. Rules for filing complaint Any person may himself or through his authorized representative make a complaint to the bank. If the bank rejects the complaint or the complainant does not receive any reply within a month or the complainant is not satisfied with the reply even by the bank, the complainant may approach the Banking Ombudsman for redress of the grievance subject to the following:  · The complaint should be made within one year after the cause of action has arisen.  · The complaint is not in respect of the same subject matter that was settled through the Office of the Banking Ombudsman in any previous proceedings.  · The complaint does not pertain to the same subject matter for which any proceedings before any court, tribunal or arbitrator or any other forum is pending or a decree or award or a final order has already been passed.  · The complaint is not frivolous or vexatious in natur When will one s complaint not be considered by the Ombudsman ? a. One has not approached his bank for redressal of his grievance first. b. One has not made the complaint within one year from the date one has received the reply of the bank or if no reply is received if it is more than one year and one month from the date of representation to the bank. c. The subject matter of the complaint is pending for disposal / has already been dealt with at any other forum like court of law, consumer court etc. d. Frivolous or vexatious. e. The institution complained against is not covered under the scheme. f. The subject matter of the complaint is not within the ambit of the Banking Ombudsman. g. If the complaint is for the same subject matter that was settled through the office of the Banking Ombudsman in any previous proceedings. How Where can one lodge his/her complaint? One can file a complaint with the Banking Ombudsman simply by writing on a plain paper. One can also file it online or by sending an email to the Banking Ombudsman. One may lodge his/ her complaint at the office of the Banking Ombudsman under whose jurisdiction, the bank branch complained against is situated. For complaints relating to credit cards and other types of services with centralized operations, complaints may be filed before the Banking Ombudsman within whose territorial jurisdiction the billing address of the customer is located. PERFORMANCE OF THE BANKING OMBUDSMEN The performance of the Banking Ombudsmen has been analysed on the aspects such as: the quantum of complaints handled by them, the timeliness in handling the issues, and appropriateness of the decisions of the Banking Ombudsmen. More than 5000 complaints are received by the Banking Ombudsmen every year. The number of complaints received by the BO offices has been steadily increasing since 1999-2000. The number of complaints received during 2000-01, 2001-02 and 2002-03 stood at 5803, 5907 and 5399 respectively while there was a sharp rise during the year 2003-04 at 8246. Details are as given below: Number of complaints received by the Banking Ombudsmen Period No. of Offices of Banking Ombudsman No. of complaints received during the year Average No. of complaints per office 99-00 15 4994 333 00-01 15 5803 387 01-02 15 5907 394 02-03 15 5399 360 03-04 15 8246 550 Role of Arbitrator Any dispute between a bank and its constituents or between a bank and another bank may be referred to a Banking Ombudsman for arbitration, if both the parties agree for such a reference provided that the value of the claim in such dispute does not exceed Rs.10 lacs. Reporting The Banking Ombudsman shall report to the Reserve Bank, the non-compliance by any bank of an award and the Review Authority shall pass the necessary order. If a bank fails to implement the award within the prescribed time limit, the complainant may approach the Review Authority with a prayer to pass an appropriate direction to the bank for immediate compliance of the award. The Review Authority shall not receive any such additional or new material from any party which was not produced before the Banking Ombudsman. The Review Authority may call for the comments of the Banking Ombudsman in a review application filed before him, provided he is satisfied that such comments of the Banking Ombudsman are necessary in the exigencies of the case. The object behind the Banking Ombudsman Scheme is to make available an expeditious and cost effective grievance redressal mechanism to bank customers. Hence Banking ombudsman will endeavor to promote a settlement through conciliation or mediation and he will not be bound by any legal rule of evidence.With effect from January 1, 2006, RBI has further modified the scheme. Now complaints relating to credit cards can also be preferred by aggrieved customers. Earlier, retired bank officers or retired bureaucrats were being appointed as ombudsmen. With effect from Jan.2006, RBI officers are appointed as ombudsmen. Centres And Their Operational Areas Ahmedabad Gujarat, Union Territories of Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu Bangalore Karnataka Bhopal Madhya Pradesh and Chattisgarh Bhubanes-war Orissa Chandigarh Himachal Pradesh, Punjab and Union Territory of Chandigarh Chennai Tamil Nadu, Union Territories of Pondicherry and Andaman and Nicobar Islands Guwahati Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura Hyderabad Andhra Pradesh Jaipur Rajasthan Kanpur Uttar Pradesh (excluding District of Ghaziabad) and Uttaranchal Kolkata West Bengal and Sikkim Mumbai Maharashtra and Goa New Delhi Delhi, Haryana, Jammu and Kashmir and Ghaziabad district of Uttar Pradesh Patna Bihar and Jharkhand Thiruvanan-thapuram Kerala and Union Territory of Lakshadweep Some Important Developments during the year 2008-09 Meeting of the Committee on Subordinate Legislation, Rajya Sabha on functioning of the Banking Ombudsman Scheme in the private sector banks and foreign banks: Deputy Governor represented the Bank during the deliberations of the Committee on Subordinate Legislation on functioning of the Banking Ombudsman Scheme in the private sector banks and foreign banks. The Committee was headed by Dr Najma Heptulla, MP and the banks called for discussion were HDFC, Citibank, Standard Chartered Bank, Deutsche Bank and HSBC Ltd. Advertisement under series Jago Grahak Jago: An advertisement campaign on the Banking Ombudsman Scheme has been released by the Bank in collaboration with Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food Public Distribution, Government of India as a joint campaign under the Jago Grahak Jago series. A massive advertising visual publicity campaign on the Banking Ombudsman scheme had been carried out in both print and electronic media. This publicity will help in elevating awareness about the BO Scheme among the common people. In addition, banks were instructed to display details of the BO Scheme in all bank branches for the benefit of their customers. Up gradation of Complain Tracking Software (CTS) The upgraded version of CTS package went live from July 1, 2009. The upgraded CTS package has provision to enter the complaints, acknowledge the complaints, edit the complaints to update it, upload/ down load supporting of citizens. The System is to record and receive the grievances online and redress them indicating action at different levels. The Government of India is monitoring the System. All the Public Sector banks, Offices of the Banking Ombudsman, RBI, SIDBI, IDBI Bank, NABARD etc., have been listed by Government of India as subordinate offices and given username and password to access the DARPG portal to enable them to dispose of the grievances against banks online. The Government of India intends to discontinue with the disposal of grievances in paper form in a phased manner. Reform Banking Ombudsman Latest Law Commission onCheque Bounce J. Venkatesan reports that the Law Commission of India has recommended setting up of fast track courts to dispose over 3.8 million cases pending cheque bounce cases and has suggested that an amendment to the Instruments Act to compel the drawer of a cheque to pay 50 per cent of the amount of the receipt of summons. The head of Commission, Justice A. R. Lakshmanan has noted that because of the huge pendency of the cases the credibility of the business within and outside the country suffered a serious setback. â€Å"Dishonour of a cheque by a bank causes incalculable loss, injury and inconvenience to the payee, and the credibility of issuance of cheque is also being eroded to a large extent†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Banking Ombudsmanon cheque Bounce The practical experience at Banking Ombudsman reveal that officials of Banking Ombudsman of RBI have soft corner for the largest public sector bank of India- State Bank of India. Despite the fact that they observed â€Å"the bank had erroneously returned the cheque† Banking Ombudsman noted that by refund of actual expenses in pursing complaint (Rs. 2000) and apology, â€Å"complaint has been reasonably addressed and no further compensation for any loss or damage on account of the deficiency in Banks service could be allowed†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . This is in contrast to its decision, a year ago, against Corporation Bank which too had wrongly bounced cheque of the same senior citizen â€Å"..It is therefore advised that the complainant may be compensated with Rs, 1500/- towards harassment caused†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Why so soft on SBI? Further Banking Ombudsman did not issue any directions to SBI nor to Corporation Bank, on account of serious deficiency of service. Coming back, SBI did no t render any sincere apology to the senior citizen. What to talk of promising efficient customer service or responding to query under RTI, sent through post office. More on the working of Banking Ombudsman. The Banking Ombudsman passed an Award against the erring SBI, the passbook of complaint also mentioned-†As per orders passes by banking Ombudsman..†. However, the official letter from Banking Ombudsman maintained that that complaint was resolved amicably between the bank and the complainant. No award was passed, how to contest? When it was asked under RTI Act that- â€Å"were terms of settlement signed by both complainant and the bank before the Banking Ombudsman as a mark of settlement/agreement? Please list the number of complainants disposed by settlement where terms of settlement was signed by the bank and complainant in 2007-08? The response of RBI-†No such practice is envisaged under the provisions of the Banking Ombudsman Scheme, 2006†. Not surprising, on record, ,majority of complainants Banking Ombudsman are amicably resolved. What option does the common man have when the normal grievance redressal mechanism fails? To sit at home and accept the helplessness or to approach the Courts, aleady overflowing with cheque bounce cases? In the light of public interest Justice A. R. Lakshmanans observation, SARCAJC appeals to Reserve Bank of India to Amend the present Banking Ombudsman Scheme so that compensation can be awarded to common man (taking account the loss of the complainants time and harassment and mental anguish), whose cheque is wrongly bounced by any Bank. Further, apart from officials of Reserve Bank of India, two active representatives of general public should be included in Banking Ombudsman structure so that Banking Ombudsman Scheme effectively works in the public interest and eases the pressure of cheque bounce cases in the Indian courts. Review Of Literature Awareness Fridays: A Guide to the Indian Banking Ombudsman Scheme Vinaya HS on January 2, 2009 The Reserve Bank of India also governs the Banking Ombudsman Scheme which provides an â€Å"expeditious and inexpensive forum to bank customers for resolution of their complaints relating to banking services.† The objective of the Banking Ombudsman Scheme is to be a visible and reliable system of dispute resolution mechanism for bank customers. Though the Ombudsman was launched way back in 1995, how many among us are really aware of when and how to approach the Banking Ombudsman? Thankfully, as always, the Reserve Bank of India has recently released a guide on this very topic. RBI amends Banking Ombudsman Scheme Mumbai, May 24: The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) brought about crucial amendments to the Banking Ombudsman Scheme, 2006 which will now enable aggrieved customers to not only appeal against any Ombudsmans decision but also to appeal in case of complaints being rejected. The appeal could be made to the deputy governors office of the RBI. The Ombudsman, however, has the right to reject complaints if they are ; not on the grounds of complaint referred to in clause 8; beyond the pecuniary jurisdiction of Banking Ombudsman prescribed; frivolous, vexatious, malafide; without any sufficient cause; that it is not pursued by the complainant with reasonable diligence; in the opinion of the Banking Ombudsman there is no loss or damage or inconvenience caused to the complainant; or requiring consideration of elaborate documentary and oral evidence and the proceedings before the Banking Ombudsman. In case of a complainant being aggrieved by the award under clause 12 or by rejection of a complaint, he may exercise the option of an appeal within 30 days, the RBI said in its notification. Title:THE BANKING OMBUDSMAN SCHEME Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance Year:1994 Abstract: This paper examines the role of the Banking Ombudsman in dealing with complaints about banking services. It describes the procedures for investigating eligible complaints and considers the overlap with other Ombudsman schemes, in particular those of the Building Societies and Insurance Ombudsmen. Exemplary Cases dealt with by BO offices where customers were right Case 1 : The complainant was maintaining a current account and approached the bank to convert his current account to cash credit account. For the said purpose he had pledged NSC amounting to Rs.1,20,000/-. Subsequently the bank neither sanctioned him a cash credit limit nor returned the certificates. In the meantime the certificates were matured for payment and he requested the bank to return the certificates. The bank failed to return the certificates stating that the certificates had been misplaced. The complainant approached us with a request to redress his grievances. On taking up the matter with the bank, the bank assured to take up the matter with the post office for issue of duplicate NSCs. On receipt of the duplicate NSCs from the concerned post office, the complainant was compensated for the loss of the original certificates. The complainant submitted a letter of satisfaction to the BO. Case 2 : A complaint relating to non-credit of cheque amount into the account of the complainant was received. The complainant had reportedly taken up the matter with the bank several times but there was no response by the bank towards credit of the cheque amount. The complainant approached the BO for resolution of his grievances. On receipt of the complaint, BO questioned the bank as to what action had been taken on the complaint by them. The bank reported that the cheque in question was lost in transit resulting in non-credit of the cheque amount to the complainants account. At the instance of BO, the bank took up the matter with UTI Mutual Fund, Patna by submitting letter of undertaking and death certificate. The Mutual Fund issued a duplicate cheque and the amount was credited to the complainants account. The complainant submitted a letter of satisfaction. Case 3 : BO received a complaint where the complainant alleged that on her husbands death, she approached the concerned bank on November 27, 2008 for payment of family pension and all the formalities were completed as required by the bank. The Treasury Officer had converted the pension into family pension and advised the bank on October 18, 2008 to make payment to the widow. Though she had been approaching the bank there was no response from the bank. BO questioned the bank as to what action had been taken by them on the complaint. On persuasion, the bank redressed the grievances and paid the family pension to the complainant . Case 4 : A cheque drawn by the EPF Department on the ABC Banks Nasik branch for Rs.21.36 lakh was sent to XYZ Bank, New Delhi for credit to the account of the complainant. The amount was not credited to the complainants account advising that it had not received the cheque. The complainant, however, obtained the Proof of Delivery from Post Office in support of the claim that it was delivered to the XYZ bank.. It transpired that the XYZ bank had actually misplaced the cheque before sending it for collection to ABC Bank and it had already furnished an affidavit to the EPF Department reporting the misplacement of the cheque and requesting for a duplicate cheque. With the intervention of BO, the bank credited an amount of Rs.18,894/- as interest on the delayed payment since date of deposit of the cheque. RECOMMENDATIONS : 1. If a complaint is not settled by agreement within a period of one month from the date of receipt of the complaint or such further period as he may consider necessary, the Banking Ombudsman may make a recommendation by reference to what is, in his opinion, fair in all the circumstances. Copies of the recommendation shall be sent to the complainant and the bank concerned. 2. The recommendation by the Banking Ombudsman shall be open to acceptance by the complainant only if he accepts all terms of the recommendation in full and final settlement of his claim against the bank and he shall, if he accepts the recommendation, within two weeks from the date of receipt of the recommendation send his acceptance in writing stating clearly that he is prepared to accept a settlement in terms of the recommendation is full and final settlement of his complaint. 3. The Banking Ombudsman shall cause a copy of the letter of acceptance, received from the complainant to be forwarded to the bank. The bank shall, if the recommendation is acceptable to it, comply with the terms of the recommendation immediately on receipt of acceptance of the terms by the complainant and inform the Banking Ombudsman of the settlement in terms of his recommendation. If the recommendation is not acceptable to the bank, it shall inform the Banking Ombudsman within a period of two weeks. sReferences : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ombudsman http://www.rbi.org.in/SCRIPTs/bs_viewcontent.aspx?Id=164 http://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/FAQView.aspx?Id=24 http://www.consumercourt.netfirms.com/consumercourtbankingombudsman.htm http://www.apnaloan.com/credit-card-india/Banking-ombudsman-area.html http://www.icrpc.org/icrpc.org.bankingombudsman.htm

Media Effects on Teenage Drinking

Media Effects on Teenage Drinking JOE: A Teenagers Struggle Stephanie Mikalatos Schools, government programs and parents working harder and harder to educate children, to just say no (Levinthal 387) [i] to drugs. But the fight is hard against millions of dollars used for alcohol and prescription drug advertisements, that are doing exactly the opposite and trying to make adolescents and adults drink, take pills and smoke. In addition there are plenty of television programs and movies that are showing drug use as being cool. Younger people then receive mixed messages do to traditional advertising, media images, movies, songs, the internet and all known social media. An important factor are the more relaxed rating of movies with scenes of actors smoking, drinking and using drugs. That is why the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that tobacco advertising in all media will be forbidden, restrictions on alcohol advertising, avoiding general exposure to children with media associated with substances such as tobacco, alcohol, drugs, illegal drugs. They vote for more prevention and more class media education. In the media example the teenager started talking about alcohol when he was thirteen years old. He wanted to try it out of curiosity and to buy alcohol as a minor is relatively easy in other countries. It became a trend to go out with friends and drinking very fast. He started drinking beer and cheap drinks at first, but eventually developed a taste for better and purer alcohol. By the age of fourteen he drank alcohol regularly and until he passed out. This however did not prevent him from drinking every night, but was able to keep his parents in the dark about it. From this point on he started with alcohol, progressed to the use of marijuana and lastly to LSD and cocaine. This stands in total opposite about that view new media ads give us about alcohol. In the words of a major 2005 study analyzing the lifestyles of eight- to eighteen-year-olds, young people today live â€Å"media-saturated lives, spending an average six to eight hours a day with media.†[ii] (Levinthal 391) The in study called Generation M (for Media), spends the time of a full time job with new media. [iii]The new medias providing teenager with a multitude of entertaining such as reading (eBooks with tablets), listening to music, text messaging and chatting online with friends, watching TV, movies, live stream YouTube and similar WebPages. Parents are not able anymore to control their childrens media access, because of missing knowledge or just unrestricted access in the teens own four walls. Alcohol is still the number one drug on American television and statistically every fourteen minutes some type of alcohol can be seen in selected programs. The results of multiple studies show that alcohol is constantly and visually present everywhere, but is rarely addressed explicitly. [iv]Especially the trivialized representations of alcohol in the environment of sports programs, drinking with girls in sexy outfits or music events; and in conjunction with humor makes it hard for the consumer to see the dangers of its use. Surveys showed that almost all young people have experiences with alcohol of some sorts. Alcohol plays a huge role from the perspective of young people, especially at parties and being together with friends; it creates fun and contributes to a better mood. On television the youth using alcohol especially in youth series, in advertising and in feature films. Overall, it was found that a media education project could contribute to raising awareness of alcohol issue s such as excessive consumption of alcohol can lead to aggression and destroy friendships. Presented in a new media form the understanding of the dangers of alcohol (or any other drug) would be made easier for the adolescent media user. Children learn early to know alcohol by watching adults drink before them on festive occasions or even every day in their home environment. This makes it much easier to even try in opposite to what the AAP article is saying. One can get to alcohol or easily as a survey explained, 81% of the youth surveyed knew that alcohol is present in their household.[v] Alcohol drinking is in: When teenagers drink alcohol, they are recognized by their peers or elders. The young people do not want to stand back in the group. If in a group where everyone drinks and most are older, teenagers do not want to stand back. That is how to become more recognized. Alcohol lifts the mood, for example at a party or in society. Thinking about problems is getting less and after more drug use even forget the everyday life. The adult the young person sees having a drink in movies, commercials, at home in the internet and so on is often to be imitated. Since some adult stand as a models, like actors, musician, athl etes the young people usually think nothing of it. They do not know the far-reaching the consequences can become. Here too can be seen that real life examples can be as bad as examples, as the ones in the media which I think is missing in the article. 5% of young people drinking too much alcohol and are at risk. 15% percent, however, never drink alcohol. The alcoholic beverage no. one is beer. Wine and spirits are less in demand. In general, alcohol is considered normal. Who does not drink, is considered a nerd, an outsider, teens in peer pressure are forced to drink. A study shows for the years 2009 to 2014 shows, 86 adult directed popular musical performances with alcohol on average on each average day on music channels like MTV or VHS.[vi] Advertising/ showing of alcohol like beer, demonstrates such a fun time in ones life, attractive, successful teen pictures. Since 1960, the TV advertising market for beer, wine, liquor grew, and the ads are often to see at primetime TV. 1000-2000 alcohol ads are annually shown during performances, series and reality shows for young people, plus sports broadcasts. In all these examples not one public service announcement (PSA) on the advertising of alcohol was to be attached. The trend of new sweet spirits and mix drinks that are containing more alcohol then beer went up in advertisement. 20% more liquor advertising on TV and 92% more magazine pages.[vii] New technologies for the Internet, social networking sites and even mobile phones offer even more exposure. The so-called war on drugs has been going on in the film industry, and smoking is often totally banned. But a large number of film scenes are still showing alcohol with healthy adults and in many places. Together with the media and early education, the support to encourage children and young people to live alcohol free. Laws and regulation can be done to eliminate displays of happy drunks in social media. [viii] Joe says in opposite to most research, that teens have a hard time avoiding drugs because they are so easy to come by and are often supplied by close friends. In school there are so many kids that sell stuff and a lot of times they are friends as well. The stereotypical drug pusher whom kids are warned about is the exception. Children are getting taught that somebody who sells drugs is, like, some filthy, grungy guy in a parka, but more often first exposures to drugs was through close friends, sometimes even immediate family. Joe thinks that it is a mistake for a lot of anti-drug campaigns geared to teens, to portray drug dealers looking like demons. Most of the kids that do a lot of the heavy drugs and booze are just as regular and probably quite pleasing to look at for regular people. Regarding the seventeen points of advocacy and guidance through pediatricians there are indeed some of the points that can be used. Pediatricians can raise awareness with the parents of a teenager by asking questions about the media usage and the location of the teens TV and computer like in point one. But knowing that teens are much more tech savvy then their parents one can assume that they will trick their way through with using a gaming platform or their phone. Some of the other points seem to be to say the least- unrealistic. Parents will not change their daily life around to pre-view movies with their kids. They will not switch off the TV during the meals. They have even movies running when they are for ten minutes with their kids in the car so they do not need to talk to them. Of course the entertainment industry should show more sensibility and responsibility. Congress needs to come up with new laws and regulations about advertisements regarding medications, alcohol and tobacco. As logical consequence there should be more funding for early education and commercials against drinking and smoking, like we can see in the campaigns against texting and driving for example. But even though all these things are factors that increase the risks of kids getting lured into drug use- the biggest of all responsibility still lays with the closest family and friends. Remembering the prohibition area, having alcohol as I totally illegal substance did not show to be really successful. This approach only added more crime, [1]secrets and home-made booze that was quite dangerous sometimes because it was even stronger. In conclusion one really would think that just a general better education and more own responsibility for every citizen can make a difference. References American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Communications. Children, adolescents, and advertising [published correction appears in Pediatrics.2007;119(2):424]. Pediatrics.2006;118(6):2563–2569 BorzekowskiDLG,StrasburgerVC.Tobacco, alcohol, and drug exposure. In CalvertS,WilsonBJ, eds.Handbook of Children and the Media.Boston, MA: Blackwell;2008:432–452. StrasburgerVC. Center on Alcohol Marketing and Youth:Clicking With Kids: Alcohol Marketing and Youth on the Internet.Washington, DC:Center on Alcohol Marketing and Youth;2004 Firshein, Janet. PBS. Thirteen. Moyers on Addiction. Close to home.  © 2009 Real-Life Stories. JOE: A Teenagers Struggle. http://www.thirteen.org/closetohome/stories/html/joe.html HornikR,JacobsohnL,OrwinR,PiesseAN,KaltonG.Effects of the National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign on youths.Am J Public Health.2008;98(12):2229–2236 Levinthal, Charles F. Drugs, Behavior, and Modern Society, 7th Edition. Pearson Learning Solutions, 12/2010. VitalBook file Mayo Clinic Staff. Underage drinking: Talking to your teen about alcohol.  © 1998-2014 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-living/tween-and-teen-health/in-depth/teen-drinking/art- MorenoMA,BrinerLR,WilliamsA,WalkerL,ChristakisDA.Real use or â€Å"real cool†: adolescents speak out about displayed alcohol references on social networking websites.J Adolesc Health.2009;45(4):420–422 Nemours. Teen Health. Alcohol.  © 1995-2014 The Nemour Foundation. http://kidshealth.org/teen/drug_alcohol/alcohol/alcohol.html [1]Levinthal, Charles F. Drugs, Behavior, and Modern Society, 7th Edition. Pearson Learning Solutions, 12/2010. [i] Levinthal, Charles F. Drugs, Behavior, and Modern Society, 7th Edition. Pearson Learning Solutions, 12/2010. VitalBook file. [ii] Levinthal, Charles F. Drugs, Behavior, and Modern Society, 7th Edition. Pearson Learning Solutions, 12/2010. VitalBook file. [iii] Center on Alcohol Marketing and Youth:Clicking With Kids: Alcohol Marketing and Youth on the Internet.Washington, DC:Center on Alcohol Marketing and Youth;2004 [iv] Nemours. Teen Health. Alcohol.  © 1995-2014 The Nemour Foundation. http://kidshealth.org/teen/drug_alcohol/alcohol/alcohol.html [v] HornikR,JacobsohnL,OrwinR,PiesseAN,KaltonG.Effects of the National Youth Anti- Drug Media Campaign on youths.Am J Public Health.2008;98(12):2229–2236 [vi] American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Communications. Children, adolescents, and advertising [published correction appears in Pediatrics.2007;119(2):424]. Pediatrics.2006; [vii] American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Communications. Children, adolescents, and advertising [published correction appears in Pediatrics.2007;119(2):424]. Pediatrics.2006; [viii] MorenoMA,BrinerLR,WilliamsA,WalkerL,ChristakisDA.Real use or â€Å"real cool†: adolescents speak out about displayed alcohol references on social networking websites.J Adolesc Health.2009;45

The Violent Energy of Ted Hughes :: Biography Biographies Essays

The Violent Energy of Ted Hughes   Ã‚   "Poetic voice of blood and guts" (Welsh 1) said one newspaper headline announcing the appointment of Ted Hughes as the new Poet Laureate in November of 1984. It was fairly typical of the surprise with which the media greeted this appointment because Ted Hughes, it seems, is for most people a difficult poet. Hughes is frequently accused of writing poetry which is unnecessarily rough and violent when he is simply being a typically blunt Yorkshireman, describing things as he sees them. For example, his Moortown poems (which began as a journal recording his farming experiences) are not at all like the traditional romantic view of nature for which English poets are famous. There is no trace in them of the kind of sentiments expressed in Elizabethan poet, Robert Herrick's, lines - "Fair daffodils we weep to see you haste away so soon" (Rosengarten 98), or Wordsworth's - "I wandered lonely as a cloud that floats on high o'er vales and hills" (Rosengarten 234). Poetry, for Hughes, i s to do with the world of imagination; He calls it "a journey into the inner universe" (Faas 29), and "an exploration of the genuine self" (Faas 32). Poetry (he once wrote} is one way to:    "unlock the doors of those many mansions inside the head and express something - perhaps not much, just something - of the crush of information that presses in on us....Something of the deep complexity that makes us precisely the way we are.... Something of the inaudible music that moves us along in our bodies from moment to moment like water in a river..." (Faas 82)    An excessive scrutiny of the seamy, shocking side of Ted Hughes' writing, particularly his "animal poems", has characterized much of the critical attention paid to the poet laureate. Many scholars, such as Ben Howard, suggest that Hughes "has often seemed the celebrant, if not the proponent of violence and destruction" (253). This approach to his poetry, however, disregards the imaginative depths Hughes discovers by pursuing violence. In his poem Pike (55 - 56), Hughes manipulates our kinesthetic awareness of violence by guiding us, in carefully constructed stages, into closer contact with the pike. With each of these progressive stages, we are introduced to violence of increasing magnitude and significance.    The stages compromise a series of degrees: the first in stanzas one through four, the second in stanza five through the first two lines of six, the third through stanza seven, and the fourth in stanzas eight through eleven.

Problems with Internet Cafes and Online Games in Taiwan :: Computers

Problems with Internet Cafes and Online Games in Taiwan Asian countries have never been unfamiliar with gaming software. From the very beginning when Japanese companies developed various game councils, Asian countries, such as Hong Kong and Taiwan, became large markets for computer and video games. In addition to the spread of gaming system technology in Asia, countries like Taiwan, China, and South Korea that have abundant labor resources have developed sufficient, but inexpensive computer components and software in recent decades. Online games have existed in Asia since more than a decade ago, but did not come to the mainstream of software development until early 1997. Online games became mainstream with the introduction of the Internet cafà ©. Although some reports show that the appearance of Internet cafà © and online games seems to promote the development of computer software design in Taiwan and increase the revenue for several computer component companies, it brings new social problems. There exists a management crisis of the cafà ©s, and censorship or copyright problems with software. While the Taiwanese government is trying to eliminate the problems by putting more restraints on this modern business, it also has the dilemma not to violate people’s freedoms and rights. In this paper, I will first discuss Internet cafà ©s in Taiwan and the famous (or infamous) online game known as â€Å"Heaven.† Then, I will present some ethical issues brought about by this new high-tech business and the opinions voiced regarding the pros and cons of the governmental regulations. Finally, I will also discuss my points of view concerning to this matter. In 1997, the South Korean government, in an attempt to stimulate the growth of its economy, encouraged the development of online gaming software. In order to accommodate gamers, the Internet cafà ©, which originated in England, became one of the most profitable businesses in South Korea. According to Business Weekly, there were around four thousand Internet cafà ©s in South Korea in the year 1999, but the number has mushroomed to twenty thousand in the year 2000. Moreover, the estimated revenue for Internet cafà ©s in South Korea by the year 2001 grew to $1.4 billion U.S. dollars. Due to the popularity of this modern business, the Taiwanese gaming industry decided to follow and develop online games. So far, there are around 8 million Internet users in Taiwan, and approximately 40% of them are gamers.

Where to Build a Wind Farm?

In my opinion, the best place to build a wind farm in Cumbria is off the shore of Allonby. This is because; it has a lot of advantages which suit it, for being the best place to build a wind farm; as of its location and ingenious ideology behind it. Moreover, it is an offshore wind farm, which means that it will benefit a lot of homes, as at the sea it is extremely windy. Thus, a lot of electricity is generated, providing a lot of electricity than usual. However, some people would say that, because it is near a town, it’ll be very noisy and distracting to tourists and residents, and will even be an ‘eyesore. On the contrary, the wind farm will be 3 metres away from the land, so there is the least possibility of noise pollution and intervention. Furthermore, some people think that wind farms are quite attractive to look at and would be inquisitive about them when going on holiday. This would bring more tourists to Allonby and make it more popular; are helps the economy by bringing more jobs to Allonby such as information centre employees. This would educate the future generations to elaborate more of wind energy and alternative sources, to help the world’s situation.Also, being it the sea, there is a lot of space to build a wind farm, as there are no other possible variables that could affect it; and the decision to build a wind farm would be eliminated. However, there is the issue of it being in the sea so there is the problem of accessing the wind farm in the first place, if any problems arise with it. If something occurred and there was no way of fixing it as it is in the sea, then the homes and appliances relying on this wind energy, would be without power; and would be very disappointed – a major problem.Notwithstanding, this issue can be sorted out, as it is accessible by either a boat or a helicopter – to try and sort the problem out. However, it won’t be perfect, and sometimes issues may arise, so the government n eeds to think of other ways of access. In addition, the next best choice to build a wind farm would have been, Caldbeck Fells. This is because, it had a lot of advantages as Allonby, however it had some minor points which proved it to be less worthy and eliminated it. Firstly, Caldbeck Fells is on high exposed land which means there is a lot of wind available, which can power a lot of homes in Cumbria and electrical appliances.Also, it is a remote area, meaning no one will be perturbed or disturbed by it; and it will prove beneficial. Exceedingly, it is accessible by country lanes, so if something goes wrong, the maintenance team can access it by car. However, a major factor let it down, which was the fact that; it is just outside a national park, and a national park is preserved for outstanding natural beauty. People say that, if a wind farm were to be built here, then people would be repelled by it and will not choose to visit it – and it may mean the obstruction of birds, wildlife, ecosystems and scenery.However, to reiterate some people may like the idea of watching wind farms, as evidence in Scotland suggests that 8 out of 10 people have said, they would want to find out more about it. Also, it would have made the National Park more popular. Unfortunately, in my opinion, it may be a disadvantage to the fact of, that it may upset ecosystems and wildlife so many ornithologists, animal welfare support groups may protest, demolishing the request to build. Additionally, there were many sites that could’ve qualified for wind farm building, but had a lot of negative factors.Some sites have a lot of space to build wind farms and have a lot of wind availability, so a lot of electricity can be generated like Burgh by Sands. However, it has marshland, and a wind farm cannot be built as of its instability and it is close to a city (Carlisle) which means that, it can possibly disturb tourism activity or increase it, and create noise problems. Also, it wo uld obstruct birds, ecosystems and plants. Besides, Anthorn was on the coast and had some roads, so cars can get through for maintenance, however it had some radio masts and it would interfere with radio signals and be an additional ‘eyesore. Moreover, Skiddaw could’ve had the winning chance, but some factors limited it. It had high ground and plenty of spaces, as there were essentially no buildings and it would not affect anyone in terms of noise, as it was on a high mountain. However, it is part of the Lake District and the famous town Bassenthwaite is next to it; and it can be very unattractive. However, as it being closer to a town, it can provide jobs. Albeit, it cannot be accessible to any transport, as it will be high on a mountain; but a helicopter can be the solution.However, the problem cannot be sorted out as thorough. Wind energy is an excellent alternative energy source, as it doesn’t harm the environment – it just uses wind to drive the turbi nes, which spin around to drive the generator to generate electricity. As for crude oil and fossil fuels, they are running out and also harm the environment. However, this clean energy can very easily be generated. UK has a lot of wind energy up in its highlands, so is ideal for this and wind energy on average provides 2200 GW of energy which is essential for homes, rather than power stations.However, there is not enough land sometimes or not enough wind to drive these turbines which can create an issue; and powerless homes sometimes. So, the government is planning to build offshore wind farms 3 metres off land, which are ideal as here is constantly a lot of wind, generating lots of electricity. It would be ideal to choose offshore wind energy rather than expensive crude oil, as wind energy is renewable and affordable in means of one erected wind turbine can power thousands of homes, and is renewable – so will not run out.Coastal wind farms, also increase tourist activity and are known as peaceful. Momentarily, there is a lot of issue over global warming and crude oil running out. There are issues of sustaining wind power stations in the UK. In my opinion, I believe that, offshore wind farms are the way forward for UK as it will not be any obstruction. However, the government may want to look into other alternatives such as geothermal energy, tidal wave energy – as of a lot of coastal areas. Also, the issue of nuclear power can be looked into, however it may hazardous if something wrong occurs.

Loneliness is an important theme in ‘Of Mice and Men’ Essay

In ‘Of Mice and Men’, there are three lonely characters. Candy, Crooks and Curleys wife. The novel is set in the 1930’s, and shows you what living conditions certain people were under. Candy is an old man, who has been working on the ranch, for years. He’s got his hand cut, by accident, and since then, he has always been at risk of getting fired. He’s a very lonely character, because of his age, and because he doesn’t spend time with the other workers, due to his accident. He has had a dog, since it was a puppy. And it seems that his dog, is the only loyal friend he has got. But since Carlson, has shot his dog, he has been feeling lonelier than ever. There is a lot of age discrimination. And everyone sees him as an old man, waiting to die. There’s a big comparison between Candy and his dog. His dog is also old and lonely, and Carlson wanting to shoot it, is like saying that Candy’s time is over as well. Also Candy feels guilty not shooting his dog himself, instead of a stranger (Carlson). â€Å"I ought to of shot that dog myself, George. I shouldn’t ought to of let no stranger shooting my dog.† Candy’s dog was more than just a dog to him, it was his companion. Crooks is another lonely character in the novel. He has been working on the ranch, for a long time, and he also is injured. A horse kicked him on the back, and now he can’t stand up right. He lives in the stable buck, and keeps himself occupied with books. One of the books he has got is a copy of the ‘California Civil Code’ for 1905. I think he had this book to remind himself, that he has rights, even though he is black. Nobody will give him these rights though. I think he is the loneliest character in the novel. This is because his only communication is with the Boss, and his son Curley. As their conversations, are only about work, they don’t have a friendship with each other. But he still keeps his pride, for example, when Lennie comes to his room; he says, â€Å"You got no right to come in my room. This here’s my room. Nobody got any right in here but me.† He says that, even though he really wants to talk to somebody. But he assumes, that Lennie has the same attitude, as other white people. That’s why he says; he doesn’t want him in his room. But as he finds out, that Lennie’s ‘mind’ is like a kids, so he doesn’t share the same opinions about black people as white’s, he doesn’t mind him in his room. Crooks starts telling/asking Lennie what he would do if George didn’t come back, that indicates, that he is explaining how it is for him, how he hasn’t got anyone to confront. Then Lennie and Candy start telling Crooks about their dream. Then Crooks says, â€Å"†¦If you†¦guys would want a hand to work for nothing – just his keep, why I’d come an’ lend a hand. I ain’t so crippled I can’t work like a son-of-a-bitch if I want to.† Curley’s wife is the only female in the novel. Her status as the Boss’s son’s wife doesn’t make any difference on the ranch. As other male workers won’t associate with her, as they will get in trouble, with Curley, who is her jealous husband. She married Curley, not because she loves him, but because of his status, wealth and because she wanted to get away from home. She doesn’t have any friends, so therefore, to have conversations with the male workers; she has to flirt her way. She is very beautiful, and the workers find her very attracting. But because they don’t want to get into trouble, they try to stay away from her, by for example saying â€Å"Maybe you better go along your own house now. We don’t want no trouble.† She knows that they all fancy her in some way, e.g. â€Å"Funny thing, if I catch any one man, and he’s alone, I get along fine with him. But just let two of the guys get together an’ you won’t talk. Jus’ nothing but mad.† Because of the time and place (1930’s, Soledad), Curley’s wife, as a woman, don’t have as many rights as men, and living on a ranch with male workers, doesn’t make it any easier. In the novel, Steinbeck, has written Curleys’s wife’s character, so we wouldn’t have any sympathy for her. This might suggest that, he wants, to show/tell us, that men didn’t give any sympathy to women either. Lennie likes Curley’s wife a lot, because of her looks. So Curley’s wife takes advantage of that, by trying to build up a ‘friendship’ with him. Also to show him, that what the other male workers are saying isn’t true. That she can be sensitive, and that she isn’t trying to cause trouble to anyone. For example when she lets Lennie touch her hair, â€Å"Course I brush it a lot. That makes it fine. Here – feel right here.† She also tells Lennie about her dream, her dream to become an actress. She confines in him, because she thinks that he’s the only one who wants to listen to her. He’s a listener.